Society and Humanity

How a Raymond Carver Poem Made Me Rethink Technology’s Role in Our Lives
We all have already made a big mistake

Technology's role in our lives

Scrolling through Raymond Carver’s poetry collection, I came across a poem titled ‘In the Year 2020.’

As a 21st century man filled with fear and confusion, I got excited at the prospect of having discovered quality perspective on the future from one of the better literary minds of the 20th century.

Now I will have a solid and unique perspective on modern technologies and their implications. I can now boast about AI on Medium and shock everyone,’ I said to myself and began reading.

But what I read caught me off guard. The only technology or its implications mentioned in the poem is a faucet — that too as an analogy.

‘How can it be possible? How can someone write about 2020 without any mention of technology?’ I gasped and read again.

No, Nothing about technology!

Instead, his 2020 is about someone from the 20th century getting old by then. Carver talks about old age, friends, friendship, memories, love, legacy — things human! All he talks about is human life and human relationships. That’s all!

HIS POEM IS ABOUT HUMAN LIFE. IT HAS HUMANS AT ITS CENTER!

Damn!’ I say to myself.

Carver’s poem reminded me that we (poets or normal people) no longer place ourselves at the center. We have already given control away to technologies. They have become the focal point of our conversations, poems, and stories. All we now do is keep technologies at the center of everything. Phones, apps, maps, followers, shares, chargers, AI, airplanes, roads, buildings, towers, systems — that’s all we talk and think about these days. Everything revolves around them today!

Everything should have revolved around us, our relationships and life. But that’s just a byproduct of technology these days. No wonder we are scared and confused! No wonder we piss our pants about AI!’

Now I have a solid and unique perspective on modern technologies and their implications. I can now boast about AI on Medium and shock everyone,’ I say to myself and write this.

Why Do I Drink When There’s Always Guilt The Next Day?
Am I in love with guilt?

why do I drink?

Read the full story here.


Who Are The Priests Of Today?
Who Is Leading Us All?

who are the priests

As I read H.G. Wells’ A Short History Of The World this morning, a particular section grabbed my attention and made me draw correlations with our modern times.

In the 12th chapter Primitive Thought, he speculates how power and religion must have sprung in primitive times:

What Wells has tried to say in this is that the primitive men were unable to form sound judgment on the important things that were happening around them. Those things spanned from the availability of their foods to illness and death. Although they tried to make guesses, they weren’t able to discover the proper cause-effect. This made them prone to fear and panic.

It was then that the older and steadier minds among them took lead and began advising, teaching and eventually commanding the multitudes. Those leaders were priests, which then gave birth to religion.

The Correlation

I am the proof that our modern time with computers, internet and now Artificial Intelligence, Space-Travels, Medical science, etc. is taking us into the great unknown which is making us fearful and anxious.

If the information overload — which has given us more confusion than wisdom — was not enough, the thought of machines taking our jobs, megalomaniacs stepping into moons, diseases taking our lives, have guaranteed almost nothing as we are unable to form sound judgment on what will happen tomorrow, let alone in five years time. We are confused about our livelihood and health — important things — just like the primitive men. The only thing that has changed is the tools. For example, anxiety about the availability of foods has been replaced by anxiety about the quality of foods. And in some places, quantity of it.

Although we try to make guesses, we aren’t being able to discover the proper cause-effect of all this. A quick scroll on Medium will prove this. This has made us fearful.

Once again, as per Wells’ narrative, this problem in primitive days led to older and steadier minds among them to take lead in advising, teaching and eventually commanding the multitudes. Those leaders then became priests, which then gave birth to religion.

Although the tools and mediums have changed today, we have seen an uprising of religious and spiritual pursuits on a global scale. We saw that in the mid 20th century due to bombs and we see that today due to computers, AIs, medicine, as mentioned above. The 20th century crisis had limited sources of threat from what we have today.

But a big part of us isn’t satisfied with the religious and spiritual doctrines that have its roots in spears and stones. We are today dealing with machines that threaten to be more intelligent than us. The ones that threaten to even eradicate us! We do have the option of deeming them ‘devil’ and ‘monsters’, otherwise those teachings don’t touch us in the regions we want to be touched.

If history does indeed repeat itself, what that leaves us with is to identify the older and steadier minds among us that are taking lead. Who are advising, teaching and commanding the multitudes.

In the ancient times, those leaders were called priests who gave birth to religion as we know today. Who is doing that today and what new religion is being formed from all this? Should we not be skeptical of what forms from all this?

Once again, if history repeats, they are here. They have to be here by now. So, Who are they? Is it me? Is it you? Is it us? Or is it a billionaire?


Pessimism Isn’t Necessarily Negative, Bad and Wrong.

Image showing positive pessimism

At times, it can be the perfect view!

Last night I watched an Indian movie in which a reputed medical institution deceives couples with fertility issues by making them believe that the sperm is of the husband, while they actually use those of other people.

That took me to a pessimistic void — Which amazingly made me calm and which, I found to be beautiful!

HOW AND WHY DID I GET THERE?

It is not about whether the issue presented by the movie is prevalent and accurate. It’s not about the movie! It’s not related to anything personal either.

As I sat in my bed with my wife watching the movie, I thought of every single institution that must be doing some form of deception. Then I generalized and saw every single institution as deceptive in some ways. Then I generalized further and saw the entire human race as deceptive and cruel.

That view…that view of the human species as deceptive and cruel took me to that pessimistic void!

And then I was calm. I felt good. It was beautiful!

Humanity and all its affairs appeared as a giant South-Parkan turd.

I saw no beauty in any achievement of ours. I saw no charm in any glory of ours. I saw no value in anything human. The only beauty was in that deceptive view of humanity.

I then paused the movie and said to my wife (which annoyed her of course)—

‘Looking at how deception is trending these days — from government and companies to people around us — I wonder if there will come a day when anyone who is even slightly conscious will get disgusted beyond repair, pessimistic beyond hope and will start living life just for the sake of living! Without any values to live-for, without any beauty to pursue, like playing a mundane mobile game. You are just living to live. To pass time. To die! Nothing excites you. Nothing impresses you. Nothing deceives you. ’

I said that, she thought for a while and said something.

I fell asleep with that beautiful pessimistic void inside me. No values. No excitement. No deceptions. No care. No anxiety!

Childhood!

Childhood

Whatever you go through in your childhood will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. This is because in our lives – like in the world – a thing will cause the following event and that event will in turn be the cause of another and so on.

While this holds true for all phases of our life, childhood is especially significant because it is then that we change the most. That’s the phase when we are the most passive and relatively unconscious of ourselves and the surrounding. This passivity and lack of proper consciousness means we are not at all in control of ourselves and whatever happens to us happens without our consent and will. We are at the mercy of other entities. Which means, our actions of that phase are reactive. We are malleable.

I reach back to the days my childhood whenever I try to understand the thoughts and feelings I currently behold. Almost everything takes me back there. Everything seems to have its roots there and then.

For example, today during my evening walk, I tried to understand my passion towards the unacceptable things in society. My digging took me to the stage of my life when I was mentally ill-treated and bullied by someone who was acceptable in society. I can’t recall being fascinated towards the unacceptable before my close encounter with that person and the ill-treatment/bullying I got from him and his supporters. This must have developed a sense of rebellion in me which prolongs to this day and which has largely shaped a lot of my crucial decisions.

Of course, that person must have been valid from his point of view for his ill-treatment and he might not even consider it to be an ill-treatment, but what that did to me shaped not only my behaviour but my character and entire personality. He was conscious, I was not!

Of course, I don’t have an issue with how I ended up, but I could have ended up worse if I hadn’t dared to work on my self and if I hadn’t dared to stand-up to rotten values.

What do I take away from this?

Be careful with things that are malleable and sensitive. Tougher things will resist you and will probably shape you instead. Don’t express that frustration of yours on weaker ones. Take care of softer things if you’ve got balls. If you’ve really got it, try to shape things bigger and stronger than you!

P.S. Maybe that person was more unconsious than the childhood me?!!!


 

As An Online Creator, You Are A Forager

online creator

But of which type?

(Maybe we should take our favorite animal and try to be like them)

Jonathan Wilkins, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Сергей Панасенко-Михалкин, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Seven Deadly Poisons Of Modern Life
Stay away. Stay healthy!!!

poisons of modern life

Stay away. Stay healthy!!!

Here we go then…here are SEVEN DEADLY ILLS OF MODERN LIFE:

Read it on Medium


Heil Humans
It’s our universe and we have eaten nothing yet.

humans

How Valuable Are You?
How important are you in this human infected world???

your value

Q: How valuable am I?

A: I am miserable. Habitually.

I was out to pick-up a dog cage from a pet shop yesterday. The cage was big and the street was narrow which meant I had to load it in the car in a short time. Motorbikes and taxis were already parked which meant I didn’t have much space to work with. I went past the shop looking for a place to turn around, and when I did, I spotted an empty spot from afar— a perfect spot. It was at the opposite end of the shop. I pressed the accelerator in excitement and went near. But what do I notice when I get there?

A young guy is sitting on his motorbike at the exact spot, leisurely using his phone. There was no point honking so I drove past staring at him and parked the car a little further. It would take more effort and time to bring the cage and load it in the car. But I did that. All the while cursing that young person’s existence in my head.

‘Why is this person even existing?’

‘There’s no use for creatures like these!’

I thought.

Miserable thought. Bad thought. I know. But I ask these too:

‘Why am I even existing?’

‘There’s no use for rascals like me!’

Whenever I get annoyed with someone (including me), I tend to have these thoughts. I tend to imagine the entire cosmos (as much as I think it exists) and judge the value of existence of each and every individual entity. Which is more important, the sun or the moon? The river or the sea?

What a sorry thing to do!

I…I know.

I don’t see much value in the existence of anything at all — including existence — apart from the value of existence itself. I mean, to exist is the only valid reason for existence. The only actual value.

Which means, I have no right to question the value-of-existence of anything or anyone. But I do it. I forget the lesson above.

Here’s why:

Because I am a human.

I am a human and I have been shown and told a lot that existence in itself is nothing significant, its what you make of the existence that matters. So naturally I have grown up judging the value of existence of everything:

Dogs have less value than humans and ants have less value than dogs. Plants have less value than ants while mosquitos are there to be killed.

And then there’s the human world:

Writers have less value than businessmen and cleaners have less value than writers…and likewise. Division of labor. In society like mine — Nepali/Hindu — there’s this caste more valuable than that and that more valuable than that…

Yes, with my own eyes I have seen dead politicians taken to cremation in a parade and I have also seen corpses burnt with no one at all to attend. Division of value. VALUE OF EXISTENCE. Which means, high value people have more right to exist and properly die.

Now, when I saw the bike person, my human ego told me that the person was beneath me in terms of value-of-existence. I may have judged based on occupation or caste. But I judged and thought the person had a lower value-of-existence than me (and my dog since the dog I considered my own). Now, if there was a businessman with his Tesla parked — would I question the businessman’s value of existence?

Instead, I would question my own value of existence!

What a petty, miserable being I am. Why do I forget the lesson?!

VAE = Value added existence.

Nepal — A Nation That Disgusted Me With Mankind

I haven’t been-to or lived in the United States, or the United Kingdom, or Norway, or some nation similar — which means I cannot tell how those nations will make you perceive about humans, but, I have been born-on and lived in a small nation called Nepal — which means I can tell you that this Nation has made me disgusted with this species called human beings. 

Q: Why?

A: People.

Q: What kind of people?

A: In general. 

Q: Be specific!

A: Okay, there are two aspects to it. One is the people’s inability to manage and second is their greed. 

Q: That’s common in people of all nations. Be more specific. 

A: If that’s the case, buckle up!


  1.  Management: You wake up one morning fresh and hopeful about the prospects of both the world and your life. To respect that, you want to take a shower. You go to the bathroom and turn the knob of the tap: There’s no water flowing! Even the toilet lid is covered because you haven’t been able to flush the doings of last night. Still, you gotta do the morning deed. It smells bad: You get disgusted with your own smell. You get disgusted with yourself. But somehow you manage to hold yourself together. You change and decide to go out for a short walk. As soon as you leave, you are greeted by a smell. A smell so bad, so pungent, you feel sympathetic towards your toilet. That smell is from the waste that hasn’t been collected for weeks. It gets inside your nose and from there to your blood and soul. If the morning smell disgusted you with yourself, the public waste disgusts you with people. You can’t see yourself or the people around you without that smell. They seem and smell like waste. You get disgusted. You question humans in general. You wonder if other nations are similar. You return home and curse the god that placed you in this rubbish out of all the rubbish in the globe. 
  2. Pettiness: You are on your scooter and are about to park in a space. There are already ten other bikes and scooters parked. You spot a small empty space between two bikes. You, dreaming of your future, accelerate towards that empty space — but another bike rudely overtakes you and parks in that very space. You are angry. You look around and see that there are enough spaces left for ten more bikes. Why did this person have to park exactly where I was about to park? I was nearer to the spot? Couldn’t he have parked a little further? Then you argue with yourself that there’s no point blaming others, so you quietly go and park in another empty space. The empty space you saw at first was about a ten metres closer to the destination both you and that person were headed to! That person was just petty! This pettiness creeps on to you. It ruins your entire day. You enter the government office for whatever you were there for. You are already angry and hungry. You take the token and they tell you the official is out for lunch. You wait for half-an-hour — and they tell you the official has left for home. ‘Come tomorrow,’ they say and move away from you. ‘Why?’ you shout. No one listens, let alone answer. Now, they all seem and smell like shit. You get disgusted. You question humans in general. You wonder if other nations are similar. You return home and curse the god that placed you in this rubbish out of all the rubbishes in the globe.

Q: You are just stupid!

A: I know. 


 

Voltaire’s Science Fiction ‘Micromégas’
18th Century Story that Satirizes Self-Conceit of Mankind.

We talk about the world moving ‘fast’ today but Europe in the 18th century must have been faster. Yes, these express technological developments are blinding and who knows how long it will take for us to finally understand what has been happening for the last 20 years or so, but Europe in the 18th century must have been at a different level purely due to the amount of ideas being thrown around — new ideas about ourselves, our world, new ideas about ideas!

It was the time after the Renaissance and giant thinkers such as Descartes, Locke, Leibniz; time of men of science such as Kepler, Hooke and Newton. New interpretations of classic ideas were happening, art was developing, science was emerging and philosophy was changing — humanity was becoming something new!

It was in this mood that one of the definers of that space-time, the most popular interpreter of those years and people emerged: Voltaire and it was in this mood that his classic Micromégas appeared.

I had read on Wikipedia that this particular work of fiction was science fiction but my preconception got the better of me and it told me it was an exaggeration— after all what kind of science fiction could an 18th century philosopher write when science wasn’t even SCIENCE yet!

But I was surprised (and angry at myself at this habit of preconception).

This short story is about an inhabitant of a planet that revolves around Sirius — which is 24,000 times bigger than the Earth. His name is Mr. Micromégas. He is big (24000 geometrical paces of five feet each), he is old (600 years of age). He is a philosopher!

After being trialled for heretical observations he decides to travel the universe:

…sometimes by the help of a sunbeam, and sometimes by the convenience of a comet, he and his retinue glided from sphere to sphere, as the bird hops from one bough to another. He in a very little time posted through the milky way…

He reaches to the planet Saturn and notices that the inhabitants there were mere dwarfs compared to him (about a thousand fathoms high.) There he befiends the secretary of the Academy and they begin travelling together.

They slip from moon to moon and spring upon passing comets and they reach Jupiter. There they learn some secrets and leave. They traverse about one hundred million leagues and see two moons on Mars. They do not stay on Mars because they think it would be too small to accommodate them. So they continue on. Until…they are tired and want to rest. This is where they notice the Earth. There they resolve to land. They move toward the tail of a comet and finding an Aurora Borealis they embark. They arrive on the northern coast of the Baltic on the fifth day of July in the year 1737.

On Earth they encounter whales and think it to be the ruling animals. Finally, they encounter humans who are obviously visible to them only through microscopes and audible to them only through certain creative mechanisms. They do not believe that such small creatures could possess intelligence. They talk to humans and ask questions like — if they were happy, if they were inspired with souls, etc.

A human mathematician, astounded by the questions, measures them which makes them realize that one should not judge things by its external magnitude.

Then they begin conversing with philosophers and learn from them that the Earth-humans fight with each other a lot for leaders who never go to the place of conflict by wretches who possibly never behold the leaders who tell them to sacrifice.

Hearing about the barabarians who rule from their palaces, give orders for murdering millions the Sirian is fillied with compassion for the human race. He then recognizing that there are only few who are wise in the entire species, he asks questions about mathematics and science. Hearing the answers, he is impressed. And then he asks them about soul:

Tell me what is the soul, and how do your ideas originate?

What follows after this question is bombardment of ideas from the philosophers. Some quote Aristotle and some Descartes, some Mallebranche and some Leibniz and Locke. But all present different opinions.

A person tells them he can answer all the secrets (which was contained in the abridgment of St. Thomas) and after he surveys them from top to toe, he says that they too were made for the use of man!

When leaving, the Sirian presents a book to the humans which he says will demonstrates the very essence of things.

What he writes in that book, I will not write here. I suggest you read, or rather experience the work yourself.

All in all I think this book manages to beautifully illustrate the speed of that age in Europe — the variety, the hope and the excitement from all the intellectual developments happening. We humans tend to get carried away a lot. It is happening today as well, with our scientific and technological progress.

After reading this book I have realized that this is nothing new. I consider 18th century Europe to be crazier and more full of doubts and imaginations than today. It was a dangerous time, for it was a time where ideas and idea-generators were popular. Anything could have been thought, imagined and envisioned. Things could have gone anywhere, but it has reached here. Voltaire surely was influential in all this.

What Is Virtue?
Can we freely select and manage our own virtues? What's your virtue, by the way?

what is virtue?

The Thesaurus in Merriam Webster defines virtue as such:

a quality that gives something special worth

But I like to define virtue as such:

a quality that you either have or want to have in yourself

In the traditional sense, this ‘special worth’ of Merriam Webster is socially given. If any qualities in a person of any given time and place is deemed worthy and ‘good’ by the society, that quality ends up being a virtue. But I don’t think that it should be the case. An individual should be allowed to determine what virtue he/she would want in themselves and fight or convince others that the virtue they have selected is more worthy then the one prevalent if that is not the case. It is about fighting for the true against prejudice.

While we’re critiquing traditional thinking, I am reminded of one Nietzsche from the 19th century.

In his book Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche talks about ideally have only one virtue. Saying how qualities evolved from the maturity of one’s passion is the best route to discovering one’s virtue, he also goes on to say that while it is illustrious to have multiple virtues, it is a hard ask. He says multiple virtues will eventually envy each other as they all vie for the highest position within you.

But I think multiple virtues can be managed together. For that to be possible though, we need generalization and a little act of symbolism.

At this moment, I want to share my virtues with you. (Not what I have, but what I seek in me.)

These virtues as of now are:

  1. Calmness
  2. Strength
  3. Depth

Now, what I did to make sure these qualities I want to have in me won’t fight and compete with each other as Nietzsche warned, I have used symbolism to turn all three into one.

First, let me quickly define what I mean by those words above.

Calmness for me is the quieting of thoughts such that they go about slowly, gently and smoothly.

Strength for me is when your thoughts stop and ignore fearly emotions. Strength is when your own thoughts dominate and beat the hell out of petty and harmful thoughts.

Depth for me is thoughts reaching the root of everything it encounters.

I initially didn’t want to write and publish this article because all this is my personal work in progress and I may not have the same thinking about these things tomorrow as of now. But then I wanted to go ahead and do it, for reasons I do not know yet.

Well then, with that out of the way, I want to talk about the generalizing and the symbolizing.

I searched for a single thing (symbol) that would successfully have all the three qualities I have in it.

What could that be which is calm, strong and deep? — And then I got it:

Ocean/Sea!

Ocean surfaces can be calm. Oceans are mighty strong. Oceans are seriously deep.

Okay, I do know how ocean surfaces are violent and disturbing too! Just like our thoughts. But since we are humans, we can decide how we would want the waters to flow.

Take a look at this for once:

I want that in me.

Not this:

THE END!

The Irony Of G.O.A.T – What is GOAT?
You worship your entertainers and you are ruled by them. This is because you feel tiny without them.

G.O.A.T

Let’s give some background before we discuss what is a GOAT:

The modern scientifically trained democratic man wants to mock and laugh at all gods and kings

‘Haha, gods are dead. It all started with a big bang, duh!’ says he.

‘Haha, kings are dead. Long live the market! says he.

And yet look at the irony:

The same modern man goes to concerts and worships his musicians. He comes back and tattoos the musicians’ name and face in the most intimate part of his body.

The same modern man goes to football matches carrying flags. He bows to his sports player and imitates the player in every way practical: hair, the way to walk.

And then this modern trend of calling other people G.O.A.T — which presumably stands for greatest of all time.

This term called GOAT which should have actually been used as a satire for such performers and players — who are in most cases the reminder of collective human boredom and insignificance— is in fact a term of reverence.

It is a term born out of the inner urge to see perfection, the ideal in any field. In other words, it is a term born out of the urge to see greatness, because they themselves feel tiny. It is the same urge that gave birth to literal gods and kings — Gods are great. Kings are great.

(The english word great is a derivation of Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in size, coarse, coarse grained”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-*gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”).

The word great then is a relative term. You are always great relative to something. The classic Taoist case. But it is an urge isn’t it? You put five random people in a room and there is an urge in you to spot the perfect among them. The best among them. The great among them. And then you put the entire human history in a plane, the urge returns: you want to spot perfection, you want to filter out the best. The great. The great among the great: the greatest. Everytime you choose a great, you are belittling others who didn’t win over your perception. Everytime you choose a great that isn’t you, you are belittling yourself who didn’t win over your own perception.

My question and concern: Isn’t this urge the cause of gods and kings? Isn’t this urge the reason why humans have drawn vague and unnecessary lines between themselves? The same reverence which sustains our weakness, which makes us vulnerable, which makes us mote in the eyes of the greats!

How much have people across all cultures suffered because of this reverence! How much have people across all societies and states suffered due to the blindness and dumbness, force and fear infused by certain religions and monarchs?

When mythology was created, the goal wasn’t reverence for this or that god(s). When people came together, the objective wasn’t to choose a king to be a slave to. Life was supposed to be contemplative, imaginative, fun and organizable. That’s why those things happened. But then those things got exploited because some couldn’t rise out of their self-doubt and those systems got converted into organized systems of power. And people suffered…

People suffered and suffered until the progeny of the same culture and society dared to wake up and ward-off such reverence. And eventually the modern man was born: out of the hatred toward reverence. The modern man was born out of hope in science and democracy. The modern was born out of contempt towards political-religion and monarchy.

The modern man was supposed to enjoy Shiva but not revere him. The modern men were supposed to dance together in a circle but with an empty center.

But why then is the same modern man who has mocked upon literal gods and kings still so passionate about greatness? And that too for mere entertainers! Isn’t he supposed to have moved beyond greatness? Doesn’t the whole idea of his secularism and democracy revolve around anti-reverence? Doesn’t the whole idea revolve around self-belief?

This could only mean one thing:

The modern man has killed-off neither god nor kings, he is merely worshiping and being ruled by new ones.

In other words, the modern man worships and is ruled by his entertainers!

Q: And why does the modern man need such superficial entertainers?

A: Because the modern man isn’t self-assured yet.


Laxmi Prasad Devkota
What was Devkota all about?

In Nepal, it is difficult to find an intellectual unstained by Hindu/Buddhist or some sort of political ideology. This tendency might be a global phenomenon, yet, in Nepal, it stretches to a nauseating degree, so much so that you can correctly guess an intellectual’s entire idea-set by merely knowing his/hers religious/political inclination. The person I am writing about today is Laxmi Prasad Devkota.

He struggled with both those elements and yet managed to live and create in a way that included and transcended them.

You can’t predict him, you can’t guess him and you get both annoyed and exalted by his spontaneity and randomness: in other words, by his poetic genius.

There’s a lot of myth surrounding the man.

Stories of him giving away his coat to the poor; writing lengthy poems in cigarette packs; struggling immensely with money; being sent to Ranchi (a city in India known for mental treatment) — are abound. It was in this context that he was called a geographical mistake by a Brit whose name I cannot recall.

Yet some had enough sense to recognize him and call him a Nepali Mahakavi (Great Poet). But apart from that, his works and ideas aren’t popular in a folk sense and his presence is mostly limited within dull school-books.

Yes, such is the society of Nepal and such was the man born here: ahead of his time, inappropriately in space!

He mostly wrote poems (epic, short, metered, unmetered) spanning from Nepali Shakuntala to Prometheus. His seminal work Munamadan is still considered to be the greatest work of Nepali Literature. It is a tragedy about a man who leaves his wife and mother to go to Lhasa for a better financial life.

He wrote songs. He also wrote a lot of short stories and a novel.

His essays are brilliant and it is in this context that I would like to introduce his ideas to people who aren’t familiar with him.

A few years ago I published a collection of poetry in English named PARANOIA:

When I reached to the final stages the work — set to publish — I had the idea of using my work as a medium to interpret a couple of Nepali writers — in English. I translated certain lines I liked from Devkota’s essay collection and placed it in.

The translations include his thoughts on a wide array of things: creativity, art, science, philosophy, spirituality, education, life, god, etc.

I now want to quit this rambling of mine and insert those translations/interpretations so that you can judge and hopefully enjoy his ideas on your own.

Heart

Truth shines through feelings…

In the heart lies the luminosity of God.

Feelings or emotions are primary

Desiring and thinking come later.

Beast

Eyes identify

Brain understands

Ears listen

Heart feels.

To be devoid of these four is the sign of being a beast.

Depth

Difficulty doesn’t imply depth.

Difficulty doesn’t mean Art,

Incomprehensibility doesn’t have any value.

Schools are:

Industries

To manufacture machines.

Education system

And the soul desires a thing,

education provides something else.

All I’ve learned till B.A

in three years

I believe,

I can put into little children’s minds better,

reciting stories…

Folly

That we usually call Education

is making man stupid.

Creation Love Art

And love is the chief element of creation

Whilst Art is the chief action of love

Curiosity

I yearn to see:

What lies there in the heart!

Natural curiosity!

Sinner

I want to bow my head

As if the all pervading God is scolding me.

I know that I am a sinner.

Art

The beautifully illustrated Truth is Art

Which springeth from the creative imagination.

The truth lies in our life

and unless it comes from the formlessness to the form:

we do not realize it.

Civilization

Civilization hasn’t yet started.

We haven’t learned to respect life.

Real progress will start

The day our sentiment of brotherhood gets firm

Vairagya

As long as we aspire to become great in this world

or hold feelings to do things

and show our pride,

Vairagya is impossible.

Doubt

To doubt is better,

as it helps understand,

assists searching.

Question is everything, answer is maturity.

Dare

It is cowardice to not move forward in opportunity.

We cannot live in a life devoid of danger.

What Science does not

Science cannot satisfy man’s curiosity

and he searches for glimpses

beyond the Sciences

through the magic of emotional and imaginative world,

where man feels self-satisfied as if he is near the truth.

What Art not

The works done by mathematical formulas,

even though are the works of brain,

do not deserve to be called Art.

Painting is Art, Photography is not.

Where Art springs

When the creative imagination sees new dreams

Rising from imitation

And maneuvers its works in its own manner,

Art springs.

Let’s get small

There is fun in being small

We can see others’ significance dance around.

There is pleasure in the peacefulness of ego;

We can see others’ pretense.

Subtle Conscience

The energy to manufacture Art

Doesn’t come from the mere superficial darshan of objects

nor does it comes from mere intellect and knowledge;

It comes from those subtle consciences,

Which find emotional caressing from divine experience

rising above bestial eyes.

The beast merely looks and remains satisfied,

but man tries to touch the heart of everything.

Teacher and teaching

Science cannot locate everything

and our psychological studies end

within the darkness of the intellect.

This is why no teacher can teach.

Creativity

In the divine talent of the Creator

The word was born

And we,

studying this creation

attain clear messages of

Divine Conscience,

Divine Truth,

Divine Beauty and

Divine knowledge.

In the creative imagination of God,

Totality works and provides beautiful

lines and colors and forms

to the Truth of God.

We realize the ‘beautiful’ through the sensing of Truth

and where there is no Truth there isn’t beauty.

This Self-Illustrating form of God

manifests in artistic creativity such that

truth becoming beautiful descends to the outer forms of the senses.

Imaginative Truth

For me,

practicality is limited and

philosophy, intellect is blind.

I enjoy imaginative truth the most

and through it find the glimpses of God

Gambling

I enjoy gambling,

As I find ample opportunities there

To engage my mind and study.

Why is God silent?

It is the consequence of the

Western Civilization that,

God doesn’t speak in

Wind and Water.

Shadows

I speak with the shadows

For me,

The optical world is merely

The manifestation of the inside

And all solid objects are liquid.

The Poet

In the heart of the poet

The rocks speak

And the leaves have tongue.

Cadavers

Those who say,

The world doesn’t speak

Are Deaf

Those who say,

There isn’t life in the hills and the trees and the stars

Are cadavers.

Human Beings

If anything

Elucidates the affinity

Between man and God

It is Human-Heart and Imagination

In Art

Man seeks to

Show

His identification with the unknown

And in the world of the known

Seeks for the kingdom of the unknown

True Study

For studying the life of any culture

There’s nothing more enlightening

Then the Arts of that culture.

Near

We feel we’ve reached near to the Creator

When that eye in our inner world opens

Which

Can bring to form the unavailable and the irregular

And fill it with colours.

Imagination

A small spark of

The fundamental creative dream energy of God

In humans:

Is Imagination.

Man

He tries to create

Embrace nature

Runs after fresh magic to improve the world

Listens to the call of the unknown,

Ascending beyond sights and sounds

Seeks for the inner sparks and sounds

He turns forms into sounds and words into pictures

He dislikes boundaries

He wants to fly and pluck

Peek from darkness and

Steal the fire from heaven.

Work and Art

In a simple table,

The work of carpentry is done

Not Art.

But,

If a carpenter

Creates a table as if a beautiful dream

Art it becomes.

Dreams

We call those creations Art

Which are within the boundaries of truth and beauty

If they’ve got the natural affect

For the heart of life.

Empty dreams aren’t Art

As long as they don’t get published.

Truth and Beauty

Beauty arises from the prodigious consciousness of truth

As if truth,

Melting into life

Descends to the forms alive.

What is professional sports?
Observations from The Indian Premier League (IPL) Cricket

what is professional sports?

I avidly followed professional sports once upon a time — especially cricket. I ‘liked/adored/followed’ teams, players: their style, etc.

And then philosophical interests kicked in and I began questioning the essence of my so-called passion for sports. I found ignorance and vulgarity down there so I resisted and stopped!

Until…last week!

India’s ‘festival’ of celebration of their ‘religion’ called IPL (Indian Premier League) is on these days.

Since I am from South Asia and we have this inherent tendency to compete (psychologically at least) with each other in things that we or some of us value — cricket happens to be in my blood (at least that’s what they try to convince us of). So I decided to let the blood flow freely and follow cricket passionately again.

I selected a team I thought I should like and I have been watching matches on TV, following analysis, news/gossip on the internet and also: thinking about the game. All this after a long-long hiatus.

One major change that has occured to me since this bloody-renaissance is this: I feel satisfied! I have a ‘good’ feeling going on.

There’s this massive wave of wind sort of thing inside my chest and it fills me up every time I think/see/hear of the league and when the team or the player of my choice does well. I then enter the internet and drink in each and every praise delivered for the team or the player(s). The wind drives me to do that. The more I drink, the more pumped I get. Once again, that lump/pump whatever of wind has made me feel complete.

On the other hand, if the team or the player doesn’t do well, I get agitated. A strange dissatisfaction lurks underneath as I constantly find myself not just roaming around the internet trying to justify their excellence but also imagining and playing out scenarios inside my own head. If the success of my choice fills me with a wind kind of thing, their failure fills me up with a stinky gas sort of gas.

Strangely however, irrespective of their success and failure: a general ‘good-feeling’ is inside me its thought form is as follows:

Tonight there’s a match, I will watch.

There’s a match, let’s see what they’re saying.

This is one strange drive for going through the day happily. I didn’t have such drives for a long time.

As I try to interpret the various elements present in this festival that may have been responsible for my changes, I find the following:

  1. Support for a team or player(s): Their success winding and failure gasing me.
  2. Competitive context: The tournament structure, the number of teams and players, the various possible scenarios, stakes mixed with my personal preferences with hearing/seeing what I prefer exciting me and hearing/seeing what I don’t prefer frustrating me.
  3. Aesthetic(?): The jerseys, the style, the video quality creating a kind of attraction and excitement.
  4. The Sheepiness: The number of people following this crazy nuance! Their sheer quantity providing me with justification to be-there and providing me with moral assurance.

The Zone: Everything above taking me to a zone of sorts where cricket and its context becoming an end-in-itself and the most important thing in existence. This generating assurance and warmth.

As I mentioned above, what I have noticed in me is this flapping of excitement-frustration (wind-gas).

Now, this research here lists these as categories of emotions present in humans:

admiration, adoration, aesthetic appreciation, amusement, anger, anxiety, awe, awkwardness, boredom, calmness, confusion, craving, disgust, empathic pain, entrancement, excitement, fear, horror, interest, joy, nostalgia, relief, romance, sadness, satisfaction, sexual desire and surprise.

I do not want to get into detail and analyze these. Adding frustration, for my current pursuit, I guess accepting these to be enough is enough!

While following the league, these are the emotions I have noticed in me (in a strictly cricket-following context, I am trying my best not to include the carried over emotions of my life affairs):

admiration, amusement, anger, anxiety, craving, excitement, frustration, interest, joy, relief, satisfaction, surprise.

Admiration, excitement, relief, surprise= Wind

Anger, frustration, Anxiety = Gas

Amusement, Joy, Satisfaction = GENERAL GOOD FEELING.

Craving, Anxiety, Interest = Lure

These are the emotions I haven’t noticed in me:

adoration, aesthetic appreciation, awe, awkwardness, boredom, calmness, confusion, disgust, empathic pain, entrancement, fear, horror, nostalgia, romance, sadness, sexual desire.

That’s 12: 16 out of 28.

I do understand how people might find the emotions absent in me available in them in this cricket context. Some might have sexual, romantic interest towards some player or even umpires.

But isn’t it strange that some people find this cricket thing to be aesthetically pleasing, awe-some, horrorful, romantic?

I mean, this here is van Gogh’s work and van Gogh works with aesthetical things:

And this here is cricket:

Jms1241, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Now this is what German Philosopher Immanuel Kant said generated awe in him:

Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the oftener and more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me — Translated by Lewis White Beck

Similarly, normal people associate things such as death and ghosts with horror; nature, relationships with romance.

Once again:

But won’t it be strange if people find this cricket thing to be aesthetically pleasing, awe-some, horrorful, romantic?

Following leagues and tournaments such as the IPL takes one to a zone. The zone stands independent of normal reality and its weltanschauung is that the league is an end-in-itself and everything else in existence is a means to the league and its success.

Inside the zone, there are preferences and those preferences generate certain emotions. Limited but nonetheless. Regarding emotions, there maybe two scenarios:

  1. The zone does not contain all emotions of life: My case.
  2. The zone contains all emotions of life: Some cases perhaps.

In the second scenario, isn’t it crazy that something like sports can generate diverse emotions in its consumers? This task is generally limited to arts and life. Come tomorrow with more and more resources, such sports might enhance the experience for its fanatics to such an extent that people will begin to say, romantically align with its players and love them if the players justify their ‘love’ by performing as they want to OR that people will begin to get petrified and afraid if their players do not justify their interest by performing as they want! (Some call cricket a religion in India.)

Now, this I find both weird and scary!

But do you know what I find weirder and scarier? — Case like mine (1) where while such sports aren’t providing me with a complete range of emotions, yet I am spending all of my time not just consuming but also musing them!

There may be a lot of people who follow sports just for a light escape or a switch-off, in which case these sports do no harm at all. They are games and that’s it. Maybe you read/watch a Shakespeare play; live life to the fullest and come to these leagues without taking it seriously. That’s great! But what if you live in the zone so much that you stop caring about feeling the full range of emotions and merely live within the wind-gas?

I mean that’s what capitalist culture with solid support from the scientific mentality is all about isn’t it? Take social media notifications and modern comical superhero movies for instance.


Poem: Where’s Your Hand?

a hand asking question of a poem

Sound of the electric woodsaw fills the southern air

as cars, buses and motorbikes rule the street out there.

To rhyme and be poetic – why do I care?

 

Lick your self fabricated spicy desire

and seek a cure for the tongue on fire!

 

God had a fall, her arm dropped down below

Man, being man used it to wipe his rear hole.

 

Now I am transcending, now I am willing

To design a mask to withstand the stink

and a thing to check the pulse of those machines,

I am using this quintessential style of thinking!


 

What Is Social Studies?
Its purpose is to tell you whose side you are on

As I think back on the subjects I was taught at school, I find no subject more general and peculiar than Social Studies.

Other subjects were pretty much straightforward and drew a clear line and scope: Science was about hard sciences; Mathematics about numbers, angles and their relations; English and Nepali tried to infuse command over the language through grammar and literature (although I would prefer literature to be a separate subject, but of that some other day); computer about getting used to computers. But social studies? Was it just supposed to be about understanding social stuff or was it about having a command over society?Was it supposed to be what we call ‘social sciences’? What was it?

A quick glance tells us that history, geography, economics, civics, and sociology are what that subject tried to cover. Not so straightforward as the subjects above, is it?

I mean, history you can understand. But geography? I vividly remember being taught to look at maps! And at the same time, I also remember studying about the monsoon, weather, climate and all those kinds of things. What were they doing in social studies? If the argument is that they have importance in our social life, then, well each of the sciences and languages do too! Likewise, civics and sociology is understandable. I got my first exposure to the political system of my country through this subject.

As with almost everything, the curriculum I was a part of came from Western Countries. In this regard, it was futile to argue about the subject matters of social studies in Nepali context. There was no point blaming the ‘incapable’, ‘incompetent’ thinkers of this country. I had to blame either the US or UK. And since I am from a ‘developing’ nation, that was futile as well– Anything they did had to be genius!

Apparently, after the American Revolution, as the US began its experiment with self-government, the seeds for what we call “social studies” were planted to ensure the survival of the nation.

But it had its foundations in 1820s Britain with the purpose of promoting social welfare within its territories. Developed properly in the US, it started off by focusing on geography, history and civics. As social sciences gained popularity and relevance towards the turn of the 19th century — the social sciences were increasingly viewed as a vehicle for studying and proposing solutions to the problems resulting from a dynamic and evolving American landscape. This value got embedded into social studies and the subject went ahead with the purpose to ‘educate’ democratic citizens on how to live in the modern world. After this economics found its place and its development is all about modifications on history, geography and civics.

The National Council of Social Studies (American) was founded in 1921 and it engages and supports educators in strengthening and advocating social studies. Its website defines:

Social studies is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence. Within the school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon such disciplines as anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, law, philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, and sociology, as well as appropriate content from the humanities, mathematics, and natural sciences. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society in an interdependent world.

Its vision: A world in which all students are educated and inspired for lifelong inquiry and informed civic action.

Which basically means, it is more a National Studies where each subject matter is looked upon relative to one’s nation. Even International stuff. Otherwise, anthropology, archaeology, geography, philosophy (of all subjects) would want to be somewhere else.

This clears it up for me: social studies isn’t social sciences. The major difference being, social science would want to be more objective in its nature, whereas the purpose of social studies is solely to inject some ‘national sense’ inside the learners head. In the former you could talk about the geopolitical weaknesses of your country, in the latter you had to be proud of it! Therefore, geography fits well inside social studies.

In this way, what I see in social studies is a tool which holds the essence of modern education. While science and mathematics get all the attention and accolades and surely provide the best things in life if done well, social studies quietly lets you know who you are and whom you should dedicate yourself to with all your talents! Telling you whose side you are on.

Proving once again that the things that have the deepest impact are usually ones that are the quietest.

I just hope there won’t be ‘Big Tech Studies’ anytime soon though!

When The Greedy Shall Solely Inherit The World
What about you — if you are not greedy? 

An Euro-American lover-of-money — moneyphile — named Peter Thiel wants to live forever!

While his greed for money and his desire to live forever are his personal choices — what amazes me is his greed for wanting to be a philosopher as well. (Some people need everything, don’t they?) He says something like this:

I think there are probably three main modes of approach to death…You can accept it, deny it or you can fight it.

Now, Mr. Thiel is a businessman, a merchant, a capitalist. He loves money more than anything. And he is proud of it.

This makes me want to quote Ibn-Khaldun (again):

…merchant must concern himself with buying and selling, earning money and making a profit. This requires cunning, willingness to enter into disputes, cleverness, constant quarreling, and great persistence. These are things that belong to commerce. They are qualities detrimental to and destructive of virtuousness and manliness, because it is unavoidable that actions influence the soul. Good actions influence it toward goodness and virtue. Evil and deceitful actions influence it in the opposite sense…

…These influences differ according to the different types of merchants. Those who are of a very low type and associated closely with bad traders who cheat and defraud and perjure themselves, asserting and denying statements concerning transactions and prices, are much more strongly affected by these bad character qualities. Deceitfulness becomes their main characteristic. Manliness is completelyalien to them, beyond their power to acquire. At any rate, it is unavoidable that their cunning and their willingness to enter into disputes affects their manliness (adversely). The complete absence of (any adverse effect) is very rare among them.

The character qualities of merchants are inferior to those of noblemen and rulers. This is because merchants are mostly occupied with buying and selling. This necessarily requires cunning. If a merchant always practices cunning, it becomes his dominant character quality. The quality of cunning is remote from that of manliness which is the characteristic quality of rulers and noblemen. If the character of (the merchant) then adopts the bad qualities that follow from (cunning) in low-class merchants, such as quarrelsomeness, cheating, defrauding, as well as (the inclination to) commit perjury in rejecting and accepting statements concerning prices, his character can be expected to be one of the lowest sort, for well-known reasons. It is because of the character that one acquires through the practice of commerce that political leaders avoid engaging in it. There are some merchants who are not affected by those character qualities and who are able to avoid them, because they have noble souls and are magnanimous, but they are very rare in this world.

With this, I want to define Mr. Thiel as having the following characteristics:

  1. Greedy
  2. Cunning
  3. Cleverness 
  4. Quarrelsome
  5. Persistent
  6. Cheating
  7. Defrauding

(No wonder he wants to live forever!)

Greed Mr. Thiel…greed! Wish someone had taught you some virtue in your childhood

As these people have both the will and the resource to make life extension happen — once such technologies will actually happen — these people will be the ones who will live the longest or in the craziest scenario: they will be the one who will live forever. With people who are not greedy, cunning, clever, quarrelsome, etc. perishing.

It implies the world will be inherited by people with values such as the ones given above. (greed, cunningness, etc.)

So what about those who are not of those characteristics? I mean what about those of us who are not greedy, cunning, fraud, etc.?

But I have a more serious consideration:

  1. Why do I care if Mr. Thiel and the likes live forever?
  2. Why should I care?
  3. Should I care?
  4. If yes, how can I stop them? OR how can I help establish certain equity first?

The Realm of Gods & Kings
There are two realms: On one dwell the Gods & Kings, and on the other You and I!

gods and kings

You, born in a normal family with normal requirements in life and a normal worldview properly begin your social life with your school.

There you are immediately introduced to rules and regulations. If you break them, you are punished. Your punishments are so impactful to your psyche that — after a certain while — even a thought about breaking them makes you scared. Anxious. If you are thick-skinned enough to not get scared, you will end up a hooligan, a thug.

Likewise, if you follow those rules and regulations, you are rewarded. You are rewarded with claps and medals and praises. This makes you proud of yourself. Your pride is such that — after a while — the thought of gaining more of those claps and medals and praises gets you drooling. You are lured. You want more. You want to achieve more. Hear more. Claps, praises.

And so the same formula of rules and regulations drive you through college and university where — if you perceive you haven’t been up to the rule, you get anxious and at the moments when you think you will achieve or actually achieve some kind of success, you get excited…

And this way, you get into the job market, and you go through your life.

The formula (once again) is simple for you: follow the rules and be happy or break them and be miserable.

Now, if you are lucky (yes lucky!) or crazy you will question who the fk created that system of rules in the first place. Only if you are lucky or crazy! And you will start questioning a lot of things. The foundation of the system, the motive, the people invovled, etc. etc.

There you will be stunned at your first hypothesis of the division. Yes, there is a division!

And then you will realize something that will feel like a slap: a slap vicious and lethal, embarrassing and humiliating than any teacher had ever given you:

What you did or did not was always ordained, controlled, fabricated!

Yes, your entire thoughts, desires and your bloody life was designed to make you exactly the way you ended up. You were never free, you were engineered! And it was never for you, you were just a tool…

And this is where you reach that realm: The Realm of Gods & Kings!

And then you will see them for the first time in a way you had never seen them. Yes, you had always heard of them, known them: but you had never understood them. Now, you understand them. Feel them.

They are the ones who drove you around like cattle. There you will see them and tremble at the sight. Tremble at your ignorance: they are the same kings, priests, philosophers, scholars and merchants that you were taught about. That you were preached about. Who were praised and venerated. Revered. Followed by thousands of you on Twitter!

Yes, you, you do think and talk to your buddies (same as you) about your big ideas — Where did this all come from, where might it be headed; what if life and what is existence; does god exist ; do aliens exist; democracy rules! — wear pendants and tikas, sit on your yogic postures chanting om, close your eyes and pray, sing, etc. but you do that with a vicious unconsciousness. Yes, you may talk and write about Plato, but you do it without a clue, without a sense. You are just a babbler, an unconscious machine. Going bla bla bla. Talking much but realizing nothing!

But guess what: they aren’t! They are your Gods and Kings!

You had once questioned god with your friends while smoking ganja on top of that hill, hadn’t you? Now, here you have it: Plato is your god, so is Buddha, Ashoka, Alexander and Napoleon! And so is Hawking. So are Jobs and Gates: Your gods and kings. For they set the rules. They watch you move. They decide your fate. They are in the realm of gods & kings, and you — you poor normal guy: aren’t! You are just normal. A normal tool. Nothing. You are dispensable. Manageable. Organizable. You, you normal person!


And then you think you are a democratic citizen of whatever your country. You talk of your vote, and your rights, and your activities.

Here’s to democracy:

Only when each and every human individual reaches the realm of gods & kings, will democracy even begin to be practical.

Until then:

Dream on, Run from bombs and surveillance!

Follow on, Praise on!

As to education:

Well, they removed this secret from the curriculum a long-long time ago!


The Real Philosophy

real philosophy

Philosophy’s task is to Understand and Guide Life and the World. That is what Real Philosophy is and should be.


Philosophy in general tends to get a bad rap in our times. Almost to the extent of getting bullied by the scientific community. In fact, philosophy has been getting it for a long-long time. Paraphrasing Kant, ‘she used to be the queen once, but not since long’, Understandably so!

After the advent of the scientific method and its apparent successes in the form of Copernicus’ model, Galileo’s observations and most importantly Newton’s calculations, philosophy in Europe quietly hung its head low and retreated to the back side of the scholarly ‘classroom’. Literally too, the success of science and its use to the states at around the 17th century along with the growing irrelevance of church and theological speculations meant philosophy had no place in what used to be the highest level of learning — which it used to share for a lot of years with theology. Understandably so!

Philosophy had no business meddling in things that were empirical in nature. Things of matter. It never had. The scientific method was destined for that. And once it arrived, philosophy had to retreat.

Yes, there have been philosophical roars and explosions now and then after the advent of the scientific age but they haven’t been intense enough, they haven’t been loud enough, they haven’t been impactful enough. Apart from: in the social, cultural and ‘life’ domains.

An example is Nietzsche. He was good and impactful because he didn’t speculate much on the nature of atoms, or the color of stars. Or even if he did, he wasn’t promoting it as loud as superman. He was a good thinker of human thoughts, nature, culture and understanding — the domains not accessible to science. That’s why he was good. He was doing real philosophy.

Real Philosophy for me then is philosophy in its truest sense: love of wisdom.

And wisdom is the ability and the state of mind where everything (notice the word everything) is taken as a whole and reasonable (notice the term reasonable) observations and conclusions are drawn from it. This is where philosophy is good. This is where philosophy is relevant and this is where philosophy is beautiful. The end goal of philosophy is life. That is: The Everything. Human Life. Animal Life. Machine Life. Whatever life. But Life. Not life in an organic sense but life in a subjective sense. And whenever philosophy focuses on life, it wins. It becomes relevant and it makes bloody sense.

Let’s take Plato. His works have multiple dimensions. He has talked about all sorts of things from Government to God to Education to Arts. I find Republic to be an extremely valuable and life changing piece of work, but Timaeus feels tedious, vague and nonsense. Whenever he talks about how people work or how society should operate; about the types of people present and about the use of art or war in human affairs: he is solid. He is there. Making sense. Changing thoughts and lives. Breaking shackles. Un-ignorable. Same is with the Allegory of the cave. We take something to be true, but what if it isn’t: this is the domain of skepticism, about our tendency to mistake things false as real — it’s about illusions and deceptions. It’s bloody good! False perceptions can have dire consequences in life. One human doesn’t need to experiment by jumping off a cliff to know that one cannot fly. It is common sense. It is pre-science. It is Real Philosophy. It is Plato. But when he starts talking about how the earth — which is our nurse, clinging around the pole which is extended through the universe — he comes un-believable and ignorable.

Similar is Schopenhauer. In his seminal work, The World as Will and Idea, look how bloody genius he is when he is talking about Arts and their use for us in life. And then compare that with his preoccupation with wanting to find the material and ideal source of it all — he goes astray and never becomes the genius thinker again. He seems like a mere copywriter of Upanishads and Buddhism.

Staying with those latter two, my experiences with them too have been similar. They are relevant and working as long as they are addressing life in general. About the misery. About the absurdity of desires, etc. But as soon as they venture into expressing how the universe may be working, how the earth may have come about — they look stupid.

Real Philosophy then is a subject that deals from the most general POV. With Wisdom. About life. Let science rant about The Big Bang Theory, the duty of philosophy is to check its relevance to our lives. Point out the theory’s absurdity for the mind, life and society. Laugh at science’s over-ambitions and faults. Be sarcastic if needed. Bring everything that is overrated back to size.

Real philosophy’s duty is not to compete with science. It’s is to guide and nurture science. An aging grandfather may not be able to outrun his granddaughter who is breaking records in local running competitions — and he shouldn’t try — because it’s not his job! His job is to tell her what she is doing right and what of hers is wrong and guide her appropriately. Tell her what over ambition will do to her life. Share experiences. Tell her what in life is of value at the end of it all. Show her the meaning of race in the context of her life. That’s the role of real philosophy and its presence for humans is eternal. Unlike the analogical human grandfather however, philosophy will only die with humanity and will only get wiser the as humanity ages.

For instance, let Neuroscience or psychology — the scientific embodiments of age old philosophical question of mind-body — do their work. See where they lead. Patiently. If they stumble upon a problem that is not empirical in nature but is epistemological, tell what may have been wrong in the approach. Guide those sciences. Don’t go around forming new speculations about what mind may be. Don’t go around promoting simulation theories. Those will lead nowhere. Science is philosophy’s child, there is no need to be competitive. Without philosophy, science wouldn’t have been born, without philosophy humans might not be around for long! That’s enough of pride for real philosophy!

As humans sit on their rockets and fly above, pump their data into their computers and a new being create, take more and more control of earth and its surrounding: many-many challenges await. Numerous problems will this race and other creatures face. If you leave it all to science, the chances are: either everything will be mechanical or dead. This is where real philosophy shall step in. To keep the real human engine running, to keep things alive. To think about and better life. It should show the significance of various things to people and all beings capable of seeing. It should teach to be critical, skeptic. It should explain the value of everything. It should be able to talk about the impact of learning and knowledge. Importance of virtue. Context of greed, lust and everything of the likes. About the good and the bad.

It is something no university can/should teach. Because it’s no business of organizations driven by various motives to be teaching life to people! Whenever they have tried, they have failed. Let them create their workforce for states and corporations. Real philosophy should be kept away from all these temporary structures. Its work is to contextualize and guide all thoughts and actions.

It is real and it has always come out of real thinkers. Call it Real Philosophy, Philosophy OR Thinking: the choice is yours.

Cheers to Lichtenberg — One Real Philosopher!


How Essential is Learning?
The People of Learning

learning is essential

A quick glance of known/believed human history will reveal to us one constant: Learning is essential. Vital. Crucial!

Learning in the sense of:

the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences.

But another quick glance will reveal to us one more constant: learning has never been much popular among the masses. Yes, the populace has gathered a fact here, a fact there, and have been informed, but that cannot be said to be learning. Similarly, learning has had to face obstacles from many sources.

Yet, humans have been — time and again — able to learn and generate new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences with the load of all those people carried by a selected few in all time and place. Those carriers are the people of learning. Therefore, the value of learning and people of learning is constant.

We might never know the individual(s) who first came up with the understanding of the process of bipedal walking, fire production, stone tools manufacturing; language, art— yet looking at trends of how men have learned in recorded history, we can safely assume that there was someone somewhere who first converted an event of natural occurrence into a method. Who first converted phenomenon to knowledge. Crisis into solution. Despair into fascination. Those who did all these were people of learning.

It is those people of learning who first had the idea of viewing natural items as gods. Irrespective of civilization, this has been common. We might look upon that as weakness today, but for that time and place, this was learning: understanding, knowing, the world. You can’t call them weak. If that view didn’t happen, then who knows what would have happened! They had a way to turn fear into some kind of control. Those people of learning!

Similarly, it was peoples of learning who first had the idea of organizing pre-civilizations scattered societies into an order — once the number of folks increased. This too has been a constant in multiple civilizations. You might call it natural, I call it the doing of peoples of learning. Remove them from the equation, and we might not have been sitting here writing and reading on Medium.

And likewise, the peoples of learning came up with centralized power, religious rites, aesthetic buildings, laws, etc. And it was the same people who with their learning came up with the idea of things as diverse as citizenship, republic, and reason.

Indeed the rest is history. History made and interpreted by peoples of learning.

Without the people of learning, there might have been no history. You might say, there might have been a better history, but how? show me!

Irrespective of the moods of the temples, states, monarchs, councils, universities…People of learning have stood and shined.

Here today and heading to the future, uncertainties abound. Anxiety, paranoia, and stupidity reign supreme. That’s just the way we perceive natural things. But of course, here we are people of learning. Let’s understand and DECIDE where things shall go. Where we shall go. These kinds of shaping’s have always been the task of peoples of learning. Now it’s the time for current peoples of learning.

Let’s decide the fate of us all — our mind, life, earth, and everything else. If we won’t, then who will? — — Machines of Learning?


Two Contrasting Questions

question

For me there are two contrasting questions. Never in harmony!


 

Business and Peace

While thinking about the ongoing war in Eastern Europe and its consequences, my thought went to the businesses that are being adversely affected – along with lives in both Russia and Ukraine, with both suffering from their respective problems. How many dreams paused, threatened; how many goals destroyed; how many ideas shattered!

I am just trying to focus on business here.

One can understand how much is at stake in the execution of one. Particularly in modern times of uncertainty in everything. The risk, the hope, the plan, etc. Of course, life has more at stake – which once gone cannot be re-attained – yet business is where my thoughts are as of now. Those that are not operational due to the lack of peace. Those that have been affected by war. What would those businesses be wanting ideologically? Would they be concerned about the realpolitik? What would they support?

This took me to Ancient India, through a book called India: An Ancient Past… written by Burjor Avari.

In ancient India, after the rise of Buddhism, there were multiple instances where Buddhism as a religion was patronized, protected or supported by merchants or rulers. Especially the former.

First, it was during the Pre-Mauryan age, when Buddhist along with Jain monasteries were built which were enthusiastically received by kings, merchants and ordinary people. After that, during the time of the Satavahanas of the Deccan, there were numerous cave sites in NW Maharashtra, which housed Buddhists. There too evidence has been found of religious charities and endowments by merchants. People belonging to other professions and crafts were involved as well. And then there were other monasteries over the Satavahana Deccan, which too were established with endowments from the Andra merchants, who the writer says, ‘were some of the greatest donors.’

During the period in the history of India when the Kushans were dominant, there seemed to have been some kind of alliance between Indian merchants and Buddhist missionaries. At various places, merchants establishing their colonies and missionaries their monasteries went in parallel. The site of Ajanta caves is said to have stood in a strategic point at the merchants’ routes. Here too Buddhist monks and monasteries were richly supported by that merchant class.

Despite some mundane differences, the things in common between those ancient Indian merchants and the modern entrepreneurs are that they both work for profit, are involved in commerce and sell their goods/services. In this way, they both can be put under the umbrella term ‘business class.’

Buddhism as a philosophy – at its root – is one that talks about detachment and salvation from desires. The whole concept then builds towards disinvolvement, simplicity, knowledge, awakening – eventually culminating in nibbana. While at a first glance, this seems to be absolutely opposite to the motives of the business class, and one might ask why on earth would they be protecting and promoting such idea, anyone who knows anything about this philosophy knows that Buddhism isn’t the type of thought that reasons towards fight, ambition and war. Making it a socially passive philosophy too. An example of this is King Ashoka who, disgusted with his actions at Kalinga, adopted peaceful doctrines of Buddhism and went around building pillars and promoting the religion. He even deemed his further conquests religious.

It is quite apparent why certain groups of people in society who wouldn’t want war would want to promote and protect this philosophy of peace. Irrespective of their faith and ideology. And among them would surely be merchants and entrepreneurs – unless dealing with weapons, unless involved in a business untouched by war, or extremely opportunist. Which is a vast majority!


 

Life in Nepal

I had this idea to open my laptop and write in short about life in Nepal – the country of my birth and citizenship. Things to write have weird sources and this one is no different.

In regards to the people to whom I may be writing to : I had Non-Nepalese people in mind, especially the open minded and intellectual type – to provide them a glimpse of things from a relatively insignificant nation in the world. 


Well, some nations are significant. Extremely significant. While some are utterly not! While their existence and citizens in themselves are criteria for significance, I tend to look at two basic factors to decide for myself on what makes a nation/state significant or even successful: 

  1. Surviving
  2. Thriving

Surviving implies survival of the society/nation’s basis and essence: identity and peculiarity. Thriving on the other hand implies strong political, economic, cultural presence along with the ability to generate new knowledge and invent whole bunch of things. 

Surviving alone makes a society significant to itself while thriving makes it significant to others as well. Just as in the case of individual creatures. 

In this regard, Nepal is a surviving nation but a terribly non-thriving one! (It’s political, economic and cultural destiny is usually guided and at times even driven by agents that are not Nepalese.) 

That’s the first thing about Nepal: It’s an insignificant nation. (Ask every single Nepali person that you happen to meet in your country and they will validate this for you!)

Life of mere survival – on the inside – is not too amazing. It is the case of existence without meaning. You are just there existing. Surviving for the sake of survival. Nothing else. While some cases of survival are fierce: where you have to battle against adversity day in and day out; some are ordinary: you are just there because you are so insignificant that no one wants to even hurt you. Nepal is in the latter category. That is why it is the case of existence for its own sake. 

And this rubs on to you. You too are just surviving. You feel there is no larger motive and purpose. The evening sun hits you in your face, you feel warm and get drowsy. The sun goes away and you feel cold and lost. This is what happens if you get influenced by your nation. 

It is not that life out here is tough. It is dull. That’s the issue, if it was tough, you would have a purpose. If it’s dull, you just want to sleep smelling your own fart. That’s what this nation is doing and I guess that’s what most of its citizens are. 

Disposable waste generated each day from households lie shamelessly in the streets just because the bloody government can’t manage a proper landfill site, while sounds of construction equipment bombard your ears all the time from all directions. (They are apparently building houses to house KFCs and Pizza Huts). Look at the irony!  

People are obsessed with doing what they have seen Americans and Indians successfuly do in YouTube, Facebook and TikTok. Most young lads who have remained inside the country still find riding bikes at high speed is ‘cool’ and meaningful. You go talk to elderly blokes, and you will notice that their brains have stopped noticing anything in life apart from money. That’s the way it is. 

You respect the nation and decide you will live here. You go through your pains and eventually decide to make a living as a writer. No one cares. And then you write in English. You see a platform such as Medium. And when you are eligible, you realize that even Medium doesn’t care! (about your nation)

These are not talks of frustration. This is reflection. A part of reality.

See, I have things to motivate me and give my life direction and purpose. I am okay. I won’t quit and go. But at times, looking at the nation am a part of, I wonder if some nations (insignificant ones) should be allowed to quit and go!???  

Unless they can give themselves their own direction to go. 


 

Nepali Folk Tales – Do As They Do

Be careful on how you act around your children. 


Once in a hilly area, there lived an old man. His wife was dead so all he had was his only son. He took great care of him and pampered him in every way feasible. More than anything, he ensured his son was smart in practical things – especially money and property. As soon as the son married a girl from the same village, the old man retreated from his practical duties and started to live totally dependent on his son and daughter-in-law.

As years passed, the old man’s health deteriorated. Soon he couldn’t even go up and down the stairs without support. Around the same time, his daughter-in-law gave birth to a son. The old man’s condition however continued to deteriorate. He couldn’t even go to the toilet by himself.

A few more years passed.

One day the old man’s son had a thought, ‘All this old man does now is eat. He can’t even walk. What’s the point of him being alive if he can’t even do the toilet stuff himself! How long will he live? Why hasn’t death taken him yet?’

This thought of death gave him an idea –

‘What if I pushed him off a cliff? We will have a good time and this old man will get to Swarga quicker’.

He went to his wife and shared this idea. She was sick of looking after the old man so she agreed without hesitation.

The next day, he placed his father in a doko (Nepali basket made from bamboo) and went to a cliff nearby. The old man’s grandson followed his father. The old man could neither hear nor see properly so he had no idea what his son was about to do to him. He thought he was being taken to a temple, so he remained quiet. 

When they reached the cliff and the son was just about to push the doko, the young boy yelled- 

‘Father! Father! Hold on!’

The father looked behind to see his son running towards him. He wasn’t amused. 

‘What the hell are you doing here? Get back,’ said the father, angered. 

‘Are you supposed to throw the doko away too?’ he asked. 

‘Why?’

‘I just wanted to make sure you weren’t making a mistake. If you throw the doko, how am I supposed to throw you away?’

‘What do you mean throw me away?’ the young boy’s father asked, surprised. 

‘You throw your father, I throw mine. Isn’t this how it works?’ the young boy replied with innocence. 

This made his father realize the mistake. He brought the old man home and treated him with great respect thenon. His young son treated him similarly. 


 

Books in Brief — Edgar Allan Poe: Eureka

  • Read Duration: 2–3 days (It is short but requires attention.)

 

  1. ‘Now I do not quarrel with these ancients’, continues the letter-writer, ‘so much on account of the transparent frivolity of their logic — which, to be plain, was baseless, worthless, and fantastic altogether — as on account of their pompous and infatuate proscription of all other roads to Truth than the two narrow and crooked paths, the one of creeping and the other of crawling, to which, in their ignorant perversity, they have dared to confine the soul — the soul which loves nothing so well as to soar in those regions of illimitable intuition which are utterly incognisant of “path”.

My Blurb:

Poe searches for the sweetest-spot of Wisdom to look into philosophical questions and he almost does it!


Future of Thinking

future of thinking

I asked myself about the future of thinking after I noticed how alert I was getting using my phone, laptop and TV.

I tried to understand the alertness and discovered that there was a voice inside my head that constantly reminded me that whatever I do in those devices is being surveilled, monitored and analyzed.


What is happening now is that this alertness is getting contagious. The hangover from device-usage is getting into my head. I am getting alert while I think, see or talk sensitive stuff in the same manner.

As if my thoughts and views are being surveilled, monitored and analyzed.

Is this what will happen to our thoughts in the future?


How To Handle Philosophical Arguments?

how to handle philosophical arguments

The dignity factor

The other factor I found was Cultural/Identity Sensitivity.

The other factor is emotional sensitivity.



We Humans Never Learn!

humans never learn

No matter how smart we think we are, we all are indeed fools.


Mind, life, life lessons, mindhack, articles about mind, articles about life, articles about life lesson, mind exploration, short articles about mind, english articles about mind, self improvement articles, Adesh Acharya, writings about mind

Thought Experiment of an Alternative Existence

thought experiment

It’s greed, isn’t it?


 

Rahul Sankrityayan — The Birth of Brahman and Reincarnation


20 Wise Proverbs from Nepal

20 wise proverbs from nepal

The bigger the pile the bigger the strife.


  1. One who eats ember excretes ember — Your output depends on your input. If you listen to a dictator, you will praise the dictator!
  2. Without carrion, a vulture doesn’t roam — An opportunist isn’t there where there isn’t opportunity.
  3. I will fake a hit, you fake a cry — Let’s act together to deceive everyone else.
  4. A roaring tiger never eats — One who is intimidated, doesn’t hurt.
  5. Poor have no money, the rich have no heart.
  6. A sleeper loses, waker gains — If you are not alert enough, you will lose a lot of things. It will be taken by the one who is alert.
  7. Where there’s lake, there’s water — Lake is a body of water.
  8. Give your ears not your words — Listen freely, do not commit easily .
  9. A single moon is better than a thousand stars — A single person who seriously reads your works is better than many worthless followers.
  10. Only a snake sees a snake’s feet — To know the weaknesses of others, you have to be like them.
  11. Small mouth, big talk! — To talk of things beyond your ability.
  12. Washing an ass with soap won’t turn it into a cow — External change doesn’t mean change in substance.
  13. A barking dog never bites — Threatening things rarely hurt.
  14. It’s dark under a lamp — We focus far and wide and miss what’s beside.
  15. Never ask for directions to places you won’t go — Don’t concern yourself with things that are not important to you.
  16. Everyone is naked underneath their clothes — We all are!
  17. Suffering never comes alone — A single source of suffering hardly exists.
  18. The bigger the pile the bigger the strife — The more you amass your wealth, the more problems for you.
  19. You can hide contentment but not suffering — It is easier to be humble than be calm.

Did you like these wise proverbs? 

If yes, 

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Nepali Folk Tales – Presence of Mind

When in crisis, always remember to stay calm. Try to understand the situation instead of reacting. Make things happen with what you have. 


Once there lived an old woman. Her husband had died when she was young. She didn’t marry again. She had neither children nor relatives. She was wealthy, however, and lived in a nice two-storeyed house and had lots of valuable items.  

One night when the old woman was deep asleep in her room on the upper floor, four thieves broke into her house. They saw extremely valuable items and grabbed everything they could possibly take. This turned into a noisy affair that woke the old woman. Instead of reacting, however, she carefully paid attention to what was going on downstairs. She correctly observed that there were four thieves and all were young men.  

This made her think. It surely wasn’t a good idea for a single old lady to go after four young thieves. One, they could hurt her. Two, even if they ran, they could come back later knowing it was only an old lady. Three, they could divide into multiple groups, where one could come back and steal while she was after another. 

But hardships in life had strengthened the old woman. She was tough and wise. She didn’t panic. Instead, she calmly thought of a solution. A few minutes later, she got it!

She had multiple items in her house: Maana, Pathi, Supaa, Daala, Bancharo, etc. (all Nepali utility items.) What she did was modify their names and pretended she was calling her sons aloud –

‘Maanyau, Paathyau, Supaau, Daalau, Bancharau, wake up quick! Four thieves have broken into our house. Hurry up! Bring your weapons.’

She then created a lot of noise on that floor: She rapidly opened and shut the doors. She dropped and smashed things. 

The thieves heard all this. They immediately paused and tried to look at each other in the darkness of night. While they couldn’t see each other, they all understood the severity of the situation. They understood that they couldn’t afford to wait even for a minute. Each dropped whatever he was taking, including his bag, and ran empty-handed from the house as fast he possibly could. All were gone in a jiffy. 

The old woman went downstairs and saw that the thieves had managed to collect  almost every valuable item. The old woman checked their bags: There were valuable items stolen from others as well. 

Instead of panicking in the time of crisis, the old woman had shown great resolve and presence of mind. She made use of whatever was at her disposal.


(Translated from NEPALI LOKKATHA, TULASI DIWAS)


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Nepali Folk Tales – Revenge of The Sparrow

If you have suffered injustice – exploit and expose the rat and the flawed system. There is nothing wrong with that!


Once there lived a pair of sparrows. They loved and cared for each other until the female got pregnant. The male left her and fled. The female’s life was miserable after that. She gave birth to a chick and raised it in great hardship.

After a few months, the male realized that his child had now grown up and could be of great assistance to him. He came back and demanded the chick. This angered the female. She yelled –

‘What makes you think you can come back and take my child? You left me stranded in time of hardship, what makes you think you can take my child!’

The male wasn’t going to give up. They fought. The male said the chick was rightfully his while the female said there was no such right. They went to the king’s court to settle the issue.

They explained everything to the King.

‘Whose is the chick, your highness?’ asked the female.

‘The chick belongs to the father,’ the King decreed.

‘Then you should write this on an inscription,’ the female said.

The King ordered – ‘A child belongs to the father more than the mother,’ to be written in the inscription. After this, the male took the chick away.

The female was badly hurt. She yelled and cried. She vowed to take revenge on the King.

A few weeks later, she died.


There was a carpenter who worked in the King’s palace. His wife was pregnant. The spirit of the female sparrow transmigrated into his wife’s womb. A daughter was born to them after 10 months.

She grew up endowed with great virtue and talents.

One day, there was a meeting in the palace between kings and the ministers. They were discussing who could grow a pumpkin inside a Gagri (Nepali Water Pitcher). No one thought anyone could.

A Gagri

After a while, one of the ministers spoke –

‘The carpenter is quite wise. He might!’

The King asked the carpenter to be brought to the court immediately and ordered him to do so. The carpenter couldn’t deny so he returned home dejected. He looked disappointed as he entered. His daughter saw this and came running at him. He shared everything with her. She thought for a while and told him to stay calm and go to bed. The father was not convinced but his daughter’s support did manage to calm him. The daughter meanwhile had a plan. (And some special abilities!)

The next day she bought some pumpkin seeds and a clay gagri. She planted the seeds in her garden. It sprang the next day and within a few days, some sprouts emerged in it. She took them and placed them inside the gagri. She took good care of the pumpkin and on the seventh day: The gargri had a pumpkin inside it. She took the gagri to her father and told him to go to the palace and ask the king to take the pumpkin out without breaking it into pieces. The father was pleased. He went to the palace and did as she had asked.

The king was astonished to see this but was nevertheless pleased with the carpenter. He gave some reward and the carpenter returned home.

There was another meeting in the palace after a few days. This time they discussed who could build a house in reverse order. Everyone thought the intelligent carpenter could do it, if anyone. The King summoned the carpenter and asked him to build a house in reverse. This time too, the carpenter couldn’t deny so he returned home dejected. He had the same look of disappointment as he entered. His daughter saw this and asked what was wrong. He shared everything. She thought for a while and told him to stay calm and go to bed. The father was not convinced but his daughter’s support meant a lot to him. The daughter had a plan.

The next day she told her father to go ask for money with the King to build the house. She told him to take a paathi (an archaic nepali cup) and to tell the King to fill the paathi from the opposite end when he is about to give it. The carpenter went to the palace and did what she said. The King yelled at him –

‘Fool! How can a paathi be filled in reverse!’

The carpenter told him that he would require money that has been filled in reverse order to build a house in that order. The King realized the error and pardoned him. The carpenter went home and shared this with his daughter. She was pleased.


During the next meeting at the palace, they discussed who could bring the things of ultimate quality, character, and taste. Once again, they all agreed that only the carpenter could do it. The carpenter was called and was asked to bring them. The carpenter couldn’t deny so he returned home dejected. He looked disappointed when he entered. His daughter saw him and asked what was wrong. He told her everything. She thought for a while and told him to stay calm and go to bed.

The next day she asked him to bring a piece of new cloth. She tore the cloth into three pieces and filled them with salt, chilly, and rice. She gave those to his father and told him to take this to the King and say –

‘The ultimate quality is rice, the ultimate character is chilly, and the ultimate taste is salt.’

The carpenter went to the court and did what his daughter told. The King opened the clothes and was impressed with what the carpenter had done. He rewarded him with two thousand rupees. The carpenter gleefully accepted it and returned home. He gave it to his daughter. She, however, asked him to buy her a horse with it. The daughter began riding the horse around.

The carpenter’s house wasn’t too far from the palace and its stable. There were only female horses there. The daughter sneakily left her horse at that stable every night. After a few months, one of the king’s horses was pregnant. In due time, she gave birth. The daughter then went to the stable, took the foal and brought it with her. When the guards interrupted, she said the foal was hers and didn’t give it back. When this issue couldn’t be resolved by the soldiers, the King had to intervene. He came up to her and said –

‘The foal born of my horse is mine.’

‘Who does a child belong to : the father or the mother, your highness?’ The little girl asked.

‘The mother,’ the King replied.

‘Why don’t you confirm this in one old inscription of yours,’ the girl suggested.

The king asked one of his men to go check. The man returned with the information that a child belonged to the father more than the mother. 

And so the little girl took the little foal with her and the King remembered the sparrows.

The female sparrow took her revenge!


DISCUSSION

This is a mystical tale about a character wronged by both her loved-one and the system. The only thing of meaning and comfort is taken away for her. The character vows to take revenge, not just for personal satisfaction but also to expose the fallacy of a thought and a system. The character ends up taking revenge. But it required a great plan from her.

If we remove the mystical element from the tale then it becomes a tale of a woman’s struggle – which frequently occurs in society and people’s lives.

What we can learn from this is – 

If you have suffered injustice – exploit and expose the rat and the flawed system. There is nothing wrong with that!


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The Summit of Success!

One willing to go to the summit, should not give a damn about shame, disgust, sin, etc.

Nepal may not be among the strongest and the most powerful nations — but that doesn’t mean it has lacked the occasional thinker with words-of-wisdom. Today I am going to share a metaphorical story written by one such writer: Bhairav Aryal.

Hearing his uncle always say, ‘We all have to make it to the summit of success, anyhow!’

— a young schoolboy one day asks, ‘How tall is the summit of success? Can I reach there someday?’

In reply, the uncle says it was possible and would even take him there — if he could manage some money.

The same day the boy steals cash and jewellery from home. They leave in a Mercedes. On the way, the uncle first teaches that — one willing to go to the summit should not give a damn about shame, disgust, sin, etc.

Reaching a huge red pond, the uncle explains —

‘This is the sea of success. See how fun and romantic is this sea formed by the blood of the poor and the stupid. This is the route to the summit.’

The uncle takes him nearer and presses a switch. This takes them to a checkpoint. The boy hands his bag to uncle after which the latter disappears. He waits for four hours ! That’s when he remembers what the uncle had taught:

One willing to go to the summit, should not give a damn about shame, disgust, sin, etc.

He then — letting go of his shame, enters.

In a room, he sees self rotating chairs. Nervously he says —

‘I am here to see the summit of success but my uncle betrayed me. Can I get an entry-pass?’

The chairs laugh. A serious-looking chair asks whose guy he was. The boy is unable to answer. Meanwhile, a new person enters with a bag and all the chairs get into a tussle to get hold of that person. The boy sneakily leaves the room and heads upstairs.

After a floor with automated vessels that fight, he climbs further up.

A sweet voice welcomes him there. He looks around. He sees lots of thighs and legs. One thigh comes near him. And the lights go off. He hears chaotic sounds of those organs fighting with each other. He leaves to go further upstairs.

He sees nobody there. While he looks around, his back presses a switch that opens a door. There he sees a room with a disgusting smell. He sees human heads and bodily organs. He gets scared. He looks to run when he stumbles upon a corpse. Unable to bear the suffering, he closes his eyes and screams —

‘Uncle…Is this the summit of success?’

When he opens his eyes, he sees his uncle in front with a pistol pointed at him. The angry uncle tells him to leave. The boy joins his hands and tells him —

‘I will leave uncle! I saw the way to the summit of success you showed, but this wasn’t the summit of success I wanted to see’

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The Human Paradox

But remember: It mustn’t have been easy for our ancestors to tame and manage dogs too.


The Philosophy of Cataclysm

The Philosophy of Cataclysm

Worshipping Kali is a method of non-stop realizing the fact that death is inevitable and living according to that realization (with humility and wisdom).

(Except hope you weren’t the one who ended up in rubble with your corpse looking like a smashed brown tomato with shades of grey concrete!)

Some of us have started to constantly realize the fact that catastrophe is inevitable. Philosophy of Cataclysm is real.

To make us constantly realize the fact that cataclysm is inevitable!

So the possibility of cataclysm remains and determines every breath we take, every hand we shake.

Let’s discuss more of this philosophy of cataclysm.


Detoxify Yourself From The Silicon Valley Influence

Understanding Steve Jobs Through His Quotes

As I went through his life and ideas, I realized how profound impact this guy and his type of thinking has had in our minds and the world today.

  • Spiritual/Religious leaders talked of material salvation, and ended up leading.
  • Democratic heroes talked of freedom, and ended up leading.
  • Communistic utopia promised of kinglessness, and ended of leading.
  • Weren’t spiritual talks a blessing to people when they failed to attain satisfaction through material pursuits?
  • Wasn’t democratic ideal a blessing to citizens when tyrants horsed around doing whatever they wanted?
  • Wasn’t communism a blessing when capitalistic thinking destroyed the life and soul of people who bled their sweat in work?
  • Tell them you are denting the Universe, and they will follow
  • Become a king through entrepreneurship, and they will bow
  • Create platforms, set the rules, and they will fight
  • Create technologies that expose their weaknesses, and they will drool
  • Create technologies that encourage laziness, and they will submit
  • Make them dependent on you and your work, and they will surrender
  • Tell them the market decides, and they will feel helpless
  • Tell them their life will get better, and they will believe

We start off by unlearning the lessons taught by them and detoxifying ourselves of their influence.

Technology isn’t wrong. The ones who control it should be scrutinized. Technology can be used for self-knowing, experiences, and exploration. It has to be freed from the clutches of Lusty boys of Silly-Con Valley! and so should our thoughts and life and the world and…


Nepali Folk Tales – The Dog, The Jackal and The Lion

Once a dog was strolling near a forest when he saw a jackal sitting with her cubs. The dog sensed a resemblance with them. He went near and said –

‘We look the same. We must be from the same family. I think we should live together as one.’

The jackal too didn’t see much difference between herself and the dog, so she agreed to the proposal.

They went together until they reached a warm-looking den. They sniffed around and knew it was a den of a lion. The lion was apparently away, so the dog, the jackal, and her cubs went inside and made themselves comfortable.

In the evening, they sensed the lion approaching. The cubs got scared and began to cry.

‘Why are they making such a distressing noise?’ the dog asked the jackal.

‘They are asking for the lion’s heart,’ said the jackal loudly. She wanted the lion to hear.

The dog was smart so he understood what the jackal was up to.

‘Why don’t you give them the heart I brought the other day,’ said the dog loudly.

‘They are not gonna eat stale heart! They want it fresh,’ the jackal replied.

‘Tell them to be quiet for a while. I can sense a lion coming this way, I will kill it and bring a fresh heart,’ the dog said.

The lion heard all this. He believed a stronger creature than him was inside his den. He ran away in a jiffy. The dog and the jackal made that den their home after that.

(Taken from Folk Tales from Nepal: The Origin of Alcohol and Other Stories, Keshar Lall, Ratna Pustak Bhandar, 2009) 


Discussion:

This tale is about characters of similar nature coming together to fight opposition and adversity. This tale doesn’t give a good message as it is about occupying what belongs to others and deceiving the rightful owner with trickery and teamwork.

What we can learn from this is –

There are lots of dogs and jackals in this world. Be alert and discover the truth before giving up!


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Your Options in Life

options in life arrows
  1. Conquer
  2. Change
  3. Leave
  1. Conquer: To conquer such an environment means to rule over it. It requires energy, will-to-power, boldness, and cunningness.
  2. Change: To change such an environment means struggling to eliminate the toxicity in it. It means changing the agents. It requires involvement, persuasion, vision, and communication. You don’t necessarily have to conquer to change.
  3. Leave: To leave such an environment means to quit it altogether to never return again. It requires courage, imagination, determination and detachment.

Q: What’s the best option in life among them?

A: In life, 4 isn’t an option, so I would go for 3. If it’s any other environment, I would go for 4. But it all depends on the traits you have or can have. You can add more options in life too!


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Nepali Folk Tales – The Old Man and His Daughter

There once lived an old man who had four sons and one daughter. All were married.

The sons, their wives, and the old man lived in the same house while the daughter lived in a different village with her husband.

The sons and their wives didn’t care much for the old man. He struggled to even eat and drink in good taste. They hardly spoke with him and were rude – unless they wanted a favor.

One day while his daughter had come to visit him, she asked –

‘Are your daughters-in-law taking good care of you, father?’

‘I am old. I cannot do anything on my own. They only bother to be nice to me when they want something in return,’ the father said with tears in his eyes.

The daughter was sad hearing this.

‘Oh, father! I would stay with you if I could. But a daughter has to be at her own house with her husband’s family. I can’t even take me with you,’ she said.

Her words touched him deep. The contrasting nature of his children flashed in front of his eyes. But he couldn’t speak a word.

‘I have an idea,’ the daughter said in excitement. The father paid attention.

She took off a gold chain from her neck and gave it to him.

‘I have a solution to this problem, but you have to do as I say,’ she said.

The father nodded.

‘This is my chain. Take it. You can return it to me later. The plan is for you to wear this and indirectly tell your daughters-in-law that whoever takes the best care of you will get it,’

He wasn’t willing to take the chain but the daughter insisted. He finally agreed to go ahead with the plan and wore it on his neck.


It didn’t take long for his daughters-in-law to notice the new shiny gold. Each of them came to him when no one else was around and asked –

‘Father, where did you get it?’

‘It is of my deceased wife. I have decided to wear it,’ he said to each.

‘What will you plan to do with the chain? It looks like it could be of great use to younger women,’ each said.

‘Ah, I plan to give it to the person who takes the best care of me,’ he replied.


Now the daughters-in-law competed with each other. Each wanted to give him the best care possible. They took good care of the old man’s drinks, food, clothes, and they behaved well. Even their husbands changed. All this resulted in the old man having a good life.

After a couple of years, the old man got ill. He knew he wouldn’t live long. He tried to contact his daughter but failed to do so. And as he had assumed, he died within a few days.

The daughter came and the family finished the last rites together.

In the morning of the day she was to leave, she went to her sisters-in-law and asked –

‘Did father leave me a parting message?’

‘Yes,’ they said. ‘He asked us to tell you that the firewood from last time was very good.’

She then covertly went to the courtyard and removed the pile of firewood. There it shined: Her golden chain! She took it and left for her home.


DISCUSSION

This tale is about a man who has worked very hard to ensure he and his children have a good life. But when he is old and unable to take care of himself anymore, his children brush him aside. (These kinds of incidents frequently occur). But the old man is lucky to have a caring and thoughtful daughter who understands his situation and comes up with a genius solution. The result: the old man is treated well. He lives in good care and attention until he dies.

What we can learn from this is –

Most humans are terrible. Yet, we all are forced to live together in this world. The cunning, the evil, the petty will try to make our lives miserable. To survive with them, we better beat them at their own game! 


 

Nepali Folk Tales – A Brave Boy

There once was an orphan boy. He lived in a small house with a relative who didn’t care much about him. There was a coconut tree near his house. The boy went there daily, climbed it, and enjoyed the coconuts. That’s all there was to his life.

One day while he was on the top of the tree, a rakshasi (female man-eating being) came and shouted –

‘Hey, kid! Give me a coconut.’

The boy was angry at her rude demand.

‘Why do you want other people’s stuff? Is it yours?’ he yelled back.

‘If you don’t give me a coconut I will eat that soft meat of yours,’ she threatened.

The boy looked at her carefully. Seeing her body and teeth, he got scared. He said he would give some and dropped one in the ground. The rakshasi wasn’t amused at the behavior.

‘Give it to me in my hands,’ she shouted.

The boy decided to do as she said. He came down and was about to hand a coconut over to her when… She grabbed him and put him in a sack. She took him with her to her home.

‘Help, help,’ the boy cried from inside.

‘Hold on, it’s momentary. The pain will vanish once you get into my belly,’ she said with an evil laugh and walked on.

On the way, however, the rakshasi had to poop. She kept the boy nearby and went into the forest. Seizing the opportunity, the boy carefully got out of the sack, filled it with rocks, and returned to the coconut tree. The rakshasi came back and lifted the sack. Surprised at it being heavier, she opened it – to find only rocks!

Fuming with anger, she decided to return back to the coconut tree. Just as she was about to reach there, she spotted the boy. So, she went back to her home and returned the next day in a different attire. Appearing as a different person.

She asked for a coconut just like before. The boy replied –

‘I won’t give anything to anyone! How can I afford to give everyone a coconut!’

This triggered the rakshasi. She climbed the tree, forcefully grabbed the boy, placed him in her sack, and took him.

On the way, she had to pee. She kept the sack just like the other day and went nearby. The boy seized this opportunity and carefully got out of the sack. This time around, however, he filled the sack with some wet mud and returned to the coconut tree. The rakshasi returned, carried the sack, and walked towards her home.

As she was about to get there, she noticed that her back was wet.

‘This rascal has urinated,’ she said and opened the sack. She was surprised to find nothing but wet mud there.

‘Next time I won’t stop anywhere,’ she said.


The boy climbed the tree early the next morning. A few hours later, he spotted the rakshasi coming towards him. He got scared and hurried down. In doing so, he fell badly and couldn’t get up in time. The rakshasi took this opportunity to put him in her sack. This time she successfully brought him home.

There was rakshasi’s daughter in the house too.

‘Fry him,’ the rakshasi said and instructed her on how to cook a human properly. She then went outside for another catch.

The young rakshasi took the boy out of the sack and prepared to cut him to pieces. The boy was scared but didn’t lose his calm. He could sense that the girl was stupid. He took this opportunity to lure her into giving him her clothes. He wore them and forcefully placed the girl inside a dhinki and beat her to small pieces. He prepared her just as the rakshasi had taught earlier.

In the evening the rakshasi returned.

‘Is the meat ready?’ she asked the girl.

The boy imitated the girl’s voice and said – ‘Yes, it’s ready mother.’

‘Bring it, I wanna taste it,’ she said.

The boy covered his face and brought the meat. The rakshasi was pleased with the sight.

‘Finally, after so many days of struggle! This boy seemed so tasty,’ she said and began eating.

Just as she was done, the boy took off the clothes and shouted –

‘How was your daughter’s meat?’

He ran out of the house in a jiffy. The rakshasi looked on.

The rakshasi hasn’t come out of her house since… 


DISCUSSION: 

This tale is about a boy who has had to face a lot of hardships in life. His only solace too is intruded. His life is threatened, yet he somehow manages to save himself. Every single time. He doesn’t give up. He keeps on trying. Finally, he uses his intelligence to deal with the solution once and for all.

The thing to learn from this is – 

Be brave. Don’t give up. Don’t lose hope and your awareness. It usually requires only one intelligent move – at the right time in the right place – to deal with a problem and ward it off forever.  


 

Nepali Folk Tales – A Hunter and a Tiger

A man was out in the forest hunting birds when he came across a tiger. Excited at the sight of a muscular adult, the tiger prepared to pounce on him. The hunter noticed this in time and began pleading –

‘Please don’t kill me. Let’s be friends. I can manage better prey for you and will help you in a lot of things.’

The tiger liked the idea and said –

‘Sounds good! Go and kill my enemy – the porcupine’

The hunter agreed and asked where the porcupine was.

The tiger led the hunter to the hole where it lived. He pointed his gun at the face of the hole and waited for the porcupine. As soon as it came out, the man shot it – dead on the spot!

It impressed the tiger. But he didn’t want others to know about it as it would hurt his reputation.

‘Please don’t tell anyone about all this. I do not want others to know that you killed the porcupine,’ he requested.

The hunter agreed. He took the porcupine home and ate it for dinner.


The next morning, the hunter’s wife went to fetch water in a local tap. She picked her teeth with a bamboo splinter as she walked. Two of her neighbors observed this and asked what she had eaten.

‘My husband brought a porcupine last night, he had killed it himself,’ she boasted.

The news spread like wildfire around the village. It was only a matter of time before it reached the tiger. Fuming with anger, he went around the jungle searching for the hunter. When he finally spotted him, he questioned the hunter’s commitment.

‘I said nothing,’ the hunter argued.

‘I don’t know. Now, I will prey on you,’ the tiger said.

This frightened the man and it showed in his body. He trembled.

The tiger noticed this and asked –

‘Why do you tremble?’

The hunter thought for a while. He realized that the only thing the tiger was afraid of was the porcupine. So, he decided to cash in on this opportunity.

‘The porcupine I ate yesterday is mad at you. It wants to come out of my body to hurt you,’ he said.

The tiger sprinted out of sight in a jiffy!


DISCUSSION:

A person is in threat. Scared out of mind, that person requests the threatening person to pardon him by promising to help in return. He helps the threat get rid of its biggest weakness. But the threat asks for a commitment to that secret. Although the man adheres to his words, the nature of things is such that the secret is out. The threat is mad at the person for revealing it and goes to destroy him. The man realizes the threat’s weakness and uses it to chase it off!

What we can learn from this tale is –

  1. Be careful with sensitive information
  2. Stay true to your words – but if someone doesn’t understand your situation and comes to hurt you, use your intelligence to exploit their weakness for your safety. 

 

Nepali Folk Tales: 4 Instructions

Once there lived an old couple. They had five sons of which four moved out of the country at a young age. Only the youngest son, who was feeble-minded, stayed with them.

At the age of 55, the old man suffered from an illness. But luckily he recovered. The young son worked with responsibility after that. He loved his parents. The parents too, loved him equally. Soon he married.

Time passed and at the age of 85, the father suffered from a deadly disease. They tried a variety of solutions, but nothing worked this time around. The father finally lost hope, so he called his son and said-

‘Your brothers ran away early but due to God’s grace, you stayed with us. I am satisfied with you. I won’t live long now. Take care of your mother and your wife. I will give you four instructions which you have to follow if you don’t want to suffer in life. Now listen to those four instructions:

  1. Never run in a sesame field
  2. Never idly sit on walls and streets fidgeting your legs
  3. Never share your secrets with your wife
  4. Never befriend a Kami (A low order caste in Hindu System)

The father suffered in agony and didn’t last long after that.


This is after four years of his death. The son remembered the instructions. But he wondered how true they really were. So, he decided to test them himself.

First, he ran in a sesame field. The seeds stung his feet badly and the wounds didn’t heal for years. He realized that sesame seeds were actually rough and poisonous.

He then wanted to test the second instruction.

He went to the walls of his field and sat. A black snake bit his legs. The snake was venomous, so his feet didn’t heal at all. His toes rot and fell.

Realizing the truth of those two instructions, he decided to test the third.

He befriended a Kami. Nothing bad happened to him immediately, he went on to test his wife.

He went to the palace of the king and stole his peacock. He came home and told his wife about it. He then hid the peacock in a box without letting his wife know and killed and cooked a chicken. That night, they both enjoyed the meal.

‘Do not tell this to anyone, if the king finds out, I am dead,’ he told his wife.

The next morning his wife went to bring some water from a local tap. She uncomfortably moved her tongue around her mouth as she walked. The neighboring women noticed this. One came up and asked – ‘What’s wrong with your mouth?’

‘Nothing,’ the woman replied and walked on. After a while however, she couldn’t resist and whispered –

‘Okay I will tell you something. But make sure you won’t tell this to anyone. Yesterday my husband stole the king’s peacock. We ate it for dinner. That’s what has stuck in my teeth.’

The neighbor said she won’t tell anyone and left.

At the palace, the king searched for his lost peacock. Everyone was at it. Around the same time, the neighbor woman told her husband about the peacock. The husband told somebody else and in no time, the news spread like wildfire. It reached the king. He was told that someone stole and ate his peacock. The king immediately ordered two of his guards to bring the culprit to him. It didn’t take long for them to find the man and then they brought him to the palace.

‘Why did you steal the peacock?,’ they asked him.

He told the truth. So the king ordained to have him executed. The ministers took him to the riverside. At that time, a Kami was sharpening his Khukuri. The ministers called him. The man thought to himself-

‘This Kami is my friend but now he is helping them execute me. My father was correct.’

But just as he was about to be executed he plead-

‘Please don’t kill me because I haven’t killed the king’s peacock. I will bring it as it is. I did all this to test my father’s instruction.’

And he explained everything. He was then allowed to go home and bring the peacock.

He realized that it was wrong to befriend a Kami and reveal secrets to one’s wife. He found all his father’s instructions to be correct.

THE END. 


Discussion:

This story is all about four instructions a father gives to his son:

  1. Never run in a sesame field
  2. Never idly sit on walls and streets fidgeting your legs
  3. Never share your secrets with your wife
  4. Never befriend a Kami (A low order caste in Hindu System)

The first instruction teaches this – If you do reckless activities in a dangerous environment, you can’t expect good things to happen to you. You will be hurt. Be careful and understand the environment before taking action on it. 

The second instruction teaches this – Sitting idly in public places or in life implies you are a careless and lazy person. The snake bite probably symbolizes someone saying harsh things to you.

The third instruction can be applied to any person who has a habit of gossiping and who doesn’t have control over the self. It doesn’t mean it has to be a wife or a woman. There are men who are worse. The message is this – Never share your secrets to stupid people!

The fourth instruction is caste-biased. But if we remove the character and caste, what we learn is – Never befriend and trust a person who is  unobliged to the friendship. Choose your companions and acquaintances wisely. Don’t depend on anyone unless you are sure of them.

The general message is to be careful in life. Choose companions and activities with great care, attention and wisdom.

 


 

Will it all End? — It hardly matters!

Are we Humans civilized yet?

Arthur C. Clarke’s famous short-story The Sentinel (the seed from which 2001: A Space Odyssey sprang) is about a monolith discovered ‘high on the ridge of a great promontory…’ of Moon by an individual in a team of Lunar explorers. The object is too smooth to be natural and had been leveled to support a glittering, roughly pyramidal structure set in the rock like a gigantic many-faceted jewel.

The discoverer is not able to make sense of that object. Looking at it, he is convinced there had once been a lunar-civilization. His first guess after that is that it might be a building or shrine. After that, he wonders if it might be a temple. A closer examination makes him realize that a lot of hard work has been done by the builders to place it there. He guesses Egyptians. His pride doesn’t allow him to admit that the work might have been created by a civilization more advanced than humans!

After throwing a small pebble at the object, he knows he was looking at something that could not have been matched in the antiquity of his own race. He guesses it might be a machine, protecting itself with forces that challenged Eternity. 

Later, he realizes that the object is as alien to the moon as himself. The age of the monolith is then measured and it is revealed that the object was set there before life existed on earth. But, by whom?

Long long ago there must have been very advanced races that must have scaled and passed the heights of present-humans. But they must have been lonely in a young universe. This may have eventually prompted them to search star clusters for intelligence. But all they must have found was emptiness or mindless things. The Earth must also have been the same. The wanderers, looking at the Earth, must have guessed that a the distant future, there would be intelligence there. They must have left the monolith as a beacon that signalled the presence of other civilizations. But they placed it on the moon and not on the Earth, because-

Its builders were not concerned with races still struggling up from savagery. They would be interested in our civilization only if we proved our fitness to survive- by crossing space and so escaping from the Earth, our cradle. That is the challenge that all intelligent races must meet, sooner or later…it depends in turn upon the conquest of atomic energy and the last choice between life and death.


Clarke wrote this story in 1948. WW2 was just over and humanity was still amazed, shocked and terrified at its new-found-tool, The Atomic Bomb.

Humans were just beginning to get out of the Earth. It was only 8 years later that humans saw the first rocket to enter the Exosphere.

Clarke simply tries to send a message – Such weapons have the capacity to exterminate humanity. A massive world exists outside of us. We are nothing yet. We have seen nothing yet. So, we better behave!

73 years have passed since this story. Humans have survived the threat. Humans have reached further, deeper and seen clearer.

But what did humans do after reaching space conveniently?

We waged a cold-war where the outer space was merely a playground of strategic purposes! The same story continues today…

A monolith hasn’t yet been discovered. Nor has there been any concrete sign of other civilizations. There has been a constant though- Threats still exist.

Therefore, a question remains relevant:

Are we humans safe from ourselves?


Let us define Civilization as the stage of a creature where it can satisfy both the conditions:

a. build great things and

b. doesn’t have a threat from itself.

Similarly, let us define Savagery as:

The stage where a creature has internal conflicts of such magnitude that it has a threat from itself (irrespective of what it builds).

With these definitions, a weird thing appears:

Animals and creature which we call ‘lower’ and ‘unintelligent’ seem to be in the same stage of civilization as us! 

Yes, they do not build rockets and computers, but they do not destroy themselves and their environment either.

So, what is stopping us?

What is responsible for our savagery? For our non-civilization?


In 1950, only the US and the USSR had nuclear weapons. Today, 9 nations possess them. While no one would be stupid enough to use them, they have become a crucial strategic tool. But that doesn’t mean, the dangers have been swept aside:

The greatest nuclear dangers reside in the increase in dangerous military practices between the United States and China, Russia and the United States, India and China, and Pakistan and India.

This goes to show that Clarke’s designation of savagery yet persists. In other words, we are still savages and are not yet civilized as we still have threats from ourselves, no matter what we have built.

The present Climate Crisis and the complications it has brought also proves the same.

Yes, for Clarke back then, the parameter of non-savagery was the ability to reach the vast expanse above. And man has reached there. But man hasn’t been able to disengage from the catastrophic threats imposed on itself, by itself. Outer Space is yet another battlefield!

As to the answer to the questions of what is stopping us; what is responsible for our savagery; for our non-civilization,

This kind of threat exists today for: International-Politics.

The same organizational-structural-system that almost ended it all!

What amazes me when I hear about the past is that we haven’t been able to find an alternative political system or be harmonious with the present one- although we have managed to peek into our cells, brains and wherenot!

Nor have we been able to be brave enough to modify this obsolete system even when we have located alternatives.

What I mean by ‘obsolete system’ is that which is at constant war with itself and has the following characteristics:

  • Centralized Power
  • Identity Politics

In simple terms- National Systems.

Isn’t it time we moved on from nations and nationalities? Or at least establish a mechanism that will not allow us to destroy us for petty things? They were created by kings and princes with swords. For themselves! There are none left now and swords are already obsoletely obsolete things for museums.

We may have left the Earth, but we are still stuck in our own heads.

This proves that humans are still immature. Perhaps Clarke should have placed the monolith at Alpha Centauri. 

From this viewpoint, it seems we humans are not civilized as long as we have the prevalent National Systems…or at least until we modify them!

What is Power?
Let's try to understand the thing that has the most impact on us

image showing human power

Thomas Hobbes defined power of a man as:

his present means to obtain some future apparent good.

He defines good as things that are of interest to any particular person for his appetite or desires.

For him, there are two types of power- natural and instrumental. Natural power is the ability of a person’s body or mind such as extraordinary strength, prudence, arts, eloquence, liberality and nobility while Instrumental power is the power derived from natural power or fortune through which one can acquire more riches, reputation, friends and luck.

A more contemporary definitions of such power of men are:

  • power is the capacity of an individual to influence the actions, beliefs, or conduct (behaviour) of others
  • power is the ability to make people do what they otherwise would not have done

For Hans Morgenthau, the famous 20th century political thinker,

power is man’s control over the minds and actions of other men.

Placing the control definition of power in Hobbes’ definition, we get:

every form of natural and instrumental power is used to exert control over other people which then is used to obtain the good for the self.

Adding these descriptions, we get:

Power is the control over others as means to obtain the good for the self.

Where, the means (two types of power) in the Hobbesian sense is used to control the mind and the actions of others.

Control over others is the ultimate end. The most effective tool for this apparently is money. The use of money ultimately then is to manipulate others into doing things for the manipulator, because, everyone needs or wants money. Like a magnet manipulating iron pieces.

It is clear that control over the ones with most control will be the most effective.


I am interested to know what else derives power apart from money.

For Hobbes,

  • Having servants and friends is power because they make us stronger.
  • Having the reputation of power is power because it attracts those who need protection
  • Having popularity (reputation of patriotism) is power because it too attracts those who need protection
  • Having the quality to loved or feared by many or merely the reputation of such is power because through it one can have assistance and service of many
  • Good success is power because it creates a reputation of wisdom or fortune which makes men fear or rely
  • Relationship with men in power is power because it gains love
  • Reputation of prudence during peace or war is power because to a prudent man we all surrender ourselves easily than to others
  • Eloquence is power because it is ‘seeming prudence’ in other words, it looks like prudence
  • Form is power because it recommends men to the favor of women and strangers
  • Sciences are small power because it is present in few- in few. It is not understood by many.
  • Military Technology is power because they are used in defense and victory

Now, looking at all these points from the control perspective,

  • Having servants and friends surely implies having control. Control over servants is apparent. Control over friends exists in the form of mutual-wants, love, trust, bonding, whatever for which a friend can be manipulated into doing things for the manipulator
  • Having the reputation of power makes other people with less power, fearful or hopeful towards you. You can surely control those easily who are afraid or in-need.
  • Having popularity (fame) makes people with less popularity in awe, fearful and hopeful towards you. The reason there is control through popularity is that people tend to be more attentive towards those who are well-known which makes it easier to manipulate. Popularity can be of two types: a. positive b. negative. But I see one more factor. Popularity seems proportional to money. As it is easier to make money for a popular person than it is for an unpopular one.
  • Having the quality to be loved or feared by many or merely the reputation of such- is the same as above.
  • Good success brings control over those who yearn for success or more success. One way is through lessons of success, the other through the availability of fortune.
  • Relationship with men in power brings automatic control over others by the virtue of the relationship itself which makes other believe one is capable of influencing the powerful.
  • Reputation of prudence brings control through intellectual means. Other people will hear more and follow easily the people who are deemed to be prudent.
  • Eloquence, as described by Hobbes as ‘seeming prudent’ brings control for the same reason as above.
  • Form, by which Hobbes means appearance, brings control over those who get impressed by it.
  • In regards to Sciences, I believe they bring power if they can influence the powerful.
  • Control through Military Technology is self-explanatory.

Now, if we are to see how modern power-players have acquired their powers, we can make some interesting observations.

I see two large power entities today:

  1. States
  2. Corporates

States acquire their power, that is, their control over others as means to obtain the good for the self, by firstly, controlling (or owning) the elements like food, water, electricity, etc. that are of necessity for every citizen. In other words, they control the means needed for survival itself. Secondly, they control citizens through the citizens allegiance to the general-will. This sensitivity and vulnerability allows the State to use Force. Every other control that the state exerts is based on these controls. Everything else is a business from the state side. Hobbes considered this power of the state (commonwealth) to be the greatest of human powers as it is the

compounded power of most men, united by consent

Corporates meanwhile, acquire their power, that is, their control over others as means to obtain the good for the self, by controlling (or owning) the elements that are of necessity and want to its customers. Of course, the corporations that business on elementary things have the most power. Not all fundamentals are state controlled in all the places.

Due to the meteoric rise of technologies, another tool has quickly become one of the most effective means of control: Surveillance. 

Surveillance is used by both states and corporations. While this tool can be said to have been always used by both the entities, before the advent of our modern technologies, it was vague, impractical and very difficult to implement. Today, we can see both entities investing and vying for more and more surveillance data.

  • Surveillance is power because it provides information about the behavior and activities of others. This information is power because it provides knowledge of the ‘surveilled’, her strengths and vulnerabilities.
  • Surveillance brings control because it provides the surveillant with valuable knowledge as to who, how, when and where to control.

Surveillance then is the shortcut to the Morgenthau definition of power.


Who are powerful today?

Let’s talk about 3 major powers

The ones who control our fundamental necessities like security, food, water and electricity are surely the most powerful. This includes states and corporations which business on such elements.

After them are the ones who control our livelihoods and means of living.

Those two are followed by ones who control our information, hence, our mind, habits and behavior.


What is Power?

Power is the magnitude of control over others as means to obtain the good for the self.

This magnitude of control is dependent on peoples fundamental requirements as well as wants. It is like a control knob which every single person in this world has. It’s all about whether we are conscious of being controlled and willing enough to not be controlled—– or not!


 

A short history of Cities- Part 1

Jericho, Uruk and Ur

A city can be defined as a geographical area which is compact, immensely interconnected and is urbanized. That is, it is modernly administered, uses and consumes advanced laws, systems, technology and infrastructure.

Our current crisis of Climate Change has some thinkers and even the United Nations proposing the idea that cities are the ideal construction that can help us overcome this crisis.

This makes it a perfect occasion to look at few of the great developments in cities in human history.


Ancient city is defined as such:

a large populated urban center of commerce and administration with a system of laws and, usually, regulated means of sanitation. 

Other characteristics to look out for in an ancient city being:

  • population of the settlement
  • height of buildings
  • density of buildings/population
  • presence of some kind of sewer system
  • level of administrative government
  • presence of walls and/or fortifications
  • geographical area of the settlement
  • or whether a `settlement’ was called a `city’ in antiquity and fits at least one of the above qualifications.

Source The Ancient City – World History Encyclopedia

The process of knowing the history of cities involves scientific processes that are ongoing in nature. Archaeology is the most vital tool available for us to understand and know things of the ancient world. Especially of the time-period which has no written work to tell.  It looks to unearth materials which are interpreted and placed in the most suitable time-period of its belonging. As new things get discovered, new light is thrown into the once unknown period and area.

With all this definition in mind. Let us see how cities have evolved.

The region of Levant is very important for archaeology. It was in Jericho of this region where the oldest known protective wall, the wall of Jericho, has been found. Along with this a stone tower has also been unearthed. 

Early Jericho – World History Encyclopedia:

Archaeological evidence reveals that by 8000 BCE, the site grew to 40,000 square meters (430,000 square feet) and was surrounded by a stone wall 3.6 meters (11.8 feet) high and 1.8 meters (5.9 feet) wide at the base. Inside the wall was a stone tower 8.5 meters (28 feet) high and 9 meters (30 feet) wide at the base. The tower had an internal staircase with 22 steps

The hypothesis behind the wall is that it may have been built to protect its settlement from flood waters. The tower may have served some kind of ceremonial purpose. Some are also of the idea that the tower served the function of motivating people into the communal lifestyle as there have been suggestions that a population of some 2,000–3,000 persons were living there. But this varies as some estimate the population to be as low as 300. But nonetheless, Jericho is a concrete evidence on the movement of the human race from a hunting way of life to a one of full settlement.

Jericho has also provided evidence of agriculture. It has to be noted that, although modern cities tend to detach from agricultural pursuits, during the time leading up to Jericho, humans were still in a nomadic state. Hence, Jericho signifies not only the most distant evidence of a city but also of an organized settled living system.

Wheat and barley is thought to have been cultivated. It is highly probable that irrigation had also been invented.

Jericho’s settlement occurred in two phases. The one mentioned above was followed by a second settlement at around 7000 BCE.  It too was a Pre-Pottery Neolithic in its nature. It expanded the range of domesticated plants and animals.  Its buildings were rectilinear in structure and were made of mudbricks. Each building had several rooms and a central courtyard. Terrazzo floors made of lime decorated the rooms while the courtyards had clay flooring. Dishes and bowls were used.  This phase of  settlement lasted until about 6000 BCE.  Towards the end of 5000 BCE, another urban settlement appeared in Jericho. It was walled yet again.

While Jericho ebbed-and-flowed, a massive city flourished in Mesopotamia where one of the earliest precursors to modern human life was found. It was where writing originated, and all kinds of technological, legal and moral basis of a collective urban life initiated. The city was Uruk.

It was located in the southern region of Sumer, northwest of Ur in Southeastern Iraq. It was known in the Aramaic language as Erech.  It was the location of the famous king Gilgamesh. Uruk was enclosed by walls of about 10 km circumference. It is considered the first true city in the world and also the first big city.

Uruk was inhabited from its inception until c. 300 CE. after which it was abandoned and buried. It was excavated in 1853 CE. It used cylinder seals for attesting personal property and documents. It had monumental mud-brick buildings. Large sculptures and metal casting was done. Pictographs on clay tablets were used to record the management of goods and workers.

5000 BP (before present), Uruk had ~50,000 people. At its peak, it may have had around 80,000 inhabitants.The Ubaid Period (c. 5000-4100 BCE) saw Ubaid people first inhabit the region. This period is followed by the Uruk Period (4100-2900 BCE) during which cities started developing in various regions of Mesopotamia. Among which, Uruk became the most important.

The Uruk Period is divided into 8 phases but it was most influential between 4100-c.3000 BCE. It was during this time that

Uruk was the largest urban center and the hub of trade and administration.

The city was divided into Eanna District and Anu District.

The Eanna District was walled off from the rest of the city. Anu district had a single massive terrace, called the Anu Ziggurat which was dedicated to the Sumerian sky god Anu. In the Uruk III period, a white temple was built on top of the ziggurat. From the Uruk VI period, a Stone Temple has been discovered.

Uruk continued to be relevant through the Ur III Period (2047-1750 BCE),

With the fall of the city of Ur in 1750 BCE and the invasion of Sumer by Elamites, along with the incursions of the Amorites, Uruk went into decline along with the rest of Sumer.

c. 4000 BCE  saw the establishment of the city called Ur.

Ur was located in Sumer, southern Mesopotamia, the modern-day Iraq.

In 1922 CE, during an excavation of the ruins in that region, ‘The Great Death’ was discovered, which was a grave complex. Further studies revealed that in its heyday, Ur was a city enormous in size.

It used Cuneiform tablets which has allowed us to know that Ur was a highly centralized, wealthy and bureaucratic state during the third millenium BCE. The Royal Tombs, from about the 25th century BCE, contained,

luxury items made out of precious metals and semi-precious stones, which would have required importation.

Ur may have been the largest city in the world from 2030-1980 BCE, with a population of about 65,000.

Probably founded by farmer settlers from northern Mesopotamia, from the very beginning, it became a location of importance as a trade center as it was located at a point where the Tigris and Euphrates run into the Persian Gulf.

Archaeological excavations have substantiated that, early on, Ur possessed great wealth and the citizens enjoyed a level of comfort unknown in other Mesopotamian cities. 

The city began to grow from a small village ruled by a priest or priest-king. There were two major dynasties: of Mesanneppada, the first king who was followed by three others: Mes-kiagnuna, Elulu, and Balulu. The Second Dynasty is not recorded and the history of which is not known.

When the Semitic leader Sargon (2334-2279 BCE) conquered the entire Sumerian land with his people the Akkadians, the Akkadian Empire ruled over the  regions of Mesopotamia until it was inundated by Amorites who made their capital in a small town called Babylon. Which began the first Babylonian Empire.

The ziggurat of Ur, the temple, was built in the 21st century BCE. The ruins were uncovered in the 1930s which covered an area of 3,900 feet by 2,600 feet. It was a part of a complex that was an administrative center for the city.


End of Part 1

In this first part of our series of Short History of Cities, we talked about Jericho, Uruk and Ur. Although there have been evidence of multiple cities in the course of time in Jericho and other smaller ones around Uruk and Ur; these three stand tall on the basis of evidence gathered and the impact made.

Each should have inspired the city that followed and they collectively must have been very influential in not just the developments of cities as greatest technological achievements, but also in the development and progress of human species as a whole.


 

Importance of Knowledge

this image shows the importance of knowledge

I am going to propose a theory to begin this writing about the importance of knowledge:

The extent of knowledge (need-to-know) any given human society requires for a successful survival is of:

Likewise, the extent of knowledge (need-to-know) any given human society requires for progress is of:

In primitive nomadic days, any tribe that may have pursued and acquired geographical-temporal knowledge of itself may have survived but failed as soon as it could no longer keep up with and acquire geographical, temporal and likewise knowledge of other tribes it came across.

The tribes and states which could gather and analyze the most knowledge succeeded the most. A good example of this is the success of Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire:

Is it merely a coincidence that such large an empire existed alongside one of the most intellectual and knowledgeable periods of human history?

While we are at it, the importance of such knowledge can also be justified by the fact that Kautilya who emphasized a great lot in socio-economic-political knowledge and pursued it rigorously managed to initiate and assist what was to become one of the biggest Empires in the Indian Subcontinent — The Maurya Empire.

Similar examples can be gathered from the Roman and later from the success of the British Empire. In the second half of the 20th Century, it became visible in the form of the US and its successful hunt of all forms of knowledge.

What kind of knowledge?

The correct modern term for knowledge is — Research and Development.

This is the US spending on R & D by sector.

Federal R&D Obligations Increased 10% in 2019; Largest Year-to-Year Change Since 2009 | NSF — National Science Foundation:

I talked about Geographical and Temporal knowledge of itself and the world that a successful society acquires. NASA, NSF and DoD seem to be responsible for such information. They take up 27.6 % of the total R & D budget.

Similar is the case of acquiring — knowledge of itself. Health and human service department takes up 47.3 %.

Here’s a list of ten nations that spend the most on R & D:

In terms of total expenditure amount, it’s in the following order (descending):

US, China, Japan, Germany, S Korea, France, India, UK, Taiwan, Russia

When it comes to global political power ranking,

US leads the way followed by — China, Russia ,Germany, UK, Japan, France, S Korea, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Canada, India…

From a business/corporate point of view, unsurprisingly, the companies that collect or have access to the most data — whose function is to sell or convert it into tangible knowledge — are among the richest, hence, the most powerful in the world.

Of course, the type and method of their knowledge-acquisition is different but at the end of the day it’s about getting the information of:

the past, present and future of itself and of its world

for the political entities that support them by either investing in them or paying them.

From an individual point of view, it is apparent that pursuing knowledge is beneficial for financial, mental and physical health.

From a financial point of view, generating knowledge for sectors that receive maximum financial attention is sure to increase the chance of earning higher. For example, for the department of health and human services in the chart above.

25 Highest Paid Jobs & Occupations in the U.S. (investopedia.com)

Almost all professions here are health related.

Similar is the case for corporate data-hunting. Data science is the third most desired career in US:

Is Data Science a Good Career Choice? (springboard.com)

From mental and physical health point of view, and their progress, just replace geography by physical and society by individual in the following:

  • the geographical periphery that society can identify as its own and of the world
  • the past, present and future of itself and of its world

Here I am, in the 21st century (A.D.) living in Nepal. One of the poorest nations in the world. Yet, writing in one of the most advanced writing platforms about the importance of knowledge in the context of the past and future of humanity and the world; using one of the most sophisticated technologies in the world.

Why am I doing this?

Is it because I identify as a global citizen in this world or is it because I am trying to progress the nation I identify with: Nepal?

Knowledge has always been important and will continue to be so as long as humans will exist.

It is cliché to say that we live in an interconnected world where an impact in a certain part of the globe is felt throughout. But it is true.

COVID has proved it and so has Climate Change. So will upcoming crises.

We humans of today have come close to becoming one unit when it comes to suffering. We all are heading into domains, we are unfamiliar with:

Ubiquitous computing, Artificial Intelligence, Biotechnology, Brain Computer Interfaces, Outer Space ventures, etc.

We have so far survived due to our knowledge of:

But now we are talking about:

Hence, we do need to upgrade to:

With the ‘world’ now including:

This leaves us with two major considerations:

Just as in primitive nomadic days, any tribe that may have pursued and acquired geographical-temporal knowledge of itself may have survived but failed as soon as it could no longer keep up with and acquire geographical and likewise knowledge of other tribe it came across:

We humans of today, have to acquire more and more geographical, temporal knowledge of the Universe and of Artificial Systems and ourselves for our own security. We have to understand the importance of knowledge!

As we head into the unknown, we never know what will attack us next.

Similarly, ethical considerations also have to be made as to what we would want to be and become. And also how we would like to treat other beings.

We have never been in this place before. But we also have power like never before, therefore, responsibilities like never before.

We all need to know now like never before. That’s the importance of knowledge!


Predictions vs Decisions

this image shows the differences between prediction and decision

In terms of time, we humans are wired to dwell in two dimensions — the past and the future.

While ideally we wish we could live in the present, realistically we are drifting along time – where the wave of the past keeps stretching. Where the quantity of information from which we are supposed to constantly learn, build and identify is ever increasing. Where the distance to the end of our lives is ever shortening. We are supposed to fulfill or nullify whatever desires have dwelled in us since our birth in that duration.

This leaves us with only one thing to do — absorb ourselves in the past in order to carry over the thoughts, emotions and desires from there to the impending future.

Hence, present is the moment in which our minds dwell in either past or present. In this way, what is now called ‘flow’ is merely the moments where we engage in some activity during which our minds are unknowingly pacified because it knows it is involved in either rectifying some misdemeanors of the past or in acting for the fulfillment of some desire on the future.

As part of this project though, we tend to want to predict the occurences of the coming future. Which seems a natural thing to do. Our minds naturally identify the patterns of past haps and projects the outcomes of the future as per our environment, necessity and all. This process is called prognostication.

This holds true for all individual humans. Hence, as an example of whole-being-an-extension-of-the-parts, this holds true for humans as a species. The reason to study history, we are told, is to learn lessons from the past and apply them to understanding the future, which isn’t at all a false reason to study. But we have no formal study of prognostication or futurology yet. And it is understandable as the future is merely a vague nothingness into which we drift, filling that void as we go along in comparison to the past which is full of realistic information in the form of memories (cognitive or written or such). Future study is impossible as we are complex beings with complex sets of desires and complex technologies in a complex planet of a complex universe, all combining to create a whole and existence that is very very complex.

I just tend to imagine the faces of people in the hospitality sector in Nepal when they heard that COVID was about to shut everything up, who had meticulously planned for their hotels as the Tourism year 2020 was coming about.

Yet we are also beings that try and endeavor and through the lessons of history and the knowledge of the wills of governments, corporates and society we tend to fill pages of Science Fiction and devise mathematical formulas to make some educated guesses. Some of these projections do manage to get hold of us and shape our perceptions to such a degree that any thought of a mutual future and we cannot help but imagine the pictures presented by them. Two cliched futurological works — 1984 and Brave New World are the example of such projections. Both written in the 20th century, the paranoia created by them are real and the amazing thing is that we can find enough clues and symptoms to convince ourselves that the picture presented by Orwell and Huxley is becoming a reality and some of us even tend to make decisions of our lives based on those pictures. Their success hasn’t given birth to less futuristic perspectives through fiction, but I believe all of them have one thing in common:

Those pictures are flawed! What those pictures have done is present to us a futuristic projection of the world based on characteristics of people of that generation presuming the characters to be static. Yes, human characters rarely do change and rarely have the will-to-power and the extent to which certain ambitious people go to achieve and increase it varied since the advent of recorded history, something is different this time around. It is different to such an extent that residual images of the future have to be abandoned and something actual has to be done.

We are at a pivotal point in human history. This is a pivot because we are at a point where we probably have mutual decisions to make in the quantity that has existed never before. All thanks to exponential technologies (thanks Ray Kurzweil) almost all of which have epoch-altering potential (AI, 3D Print, BioTech, Energy, Outer Space vehicles, etc.) we have arrived at a juncture today where not only the decisions that impact all of us forever is to be made, for the first time in history, it is to be made by all of us. This leads to the statement that motivated me to write all this in the first place:

We are at a pivotal turn, where it is not the time to make predictions, it is a time to make decisions!

No, this isn’t some optimistic-pro-democratic BS which terminates with a cheesy line such as — Together we can, etc. etc., this is objective and this is real. How?

Because we have the internet. We are at a point where more than half of the people in the world are connected to a network in which they can exchange any kind of information at a crazy speed. This gives us an ability strange — so strange that the like of which has never existed in such a large scale before.

Humanity has always been ruled by itself but only by a certain part of itself in any given space-time. Those parts have come in the form of Religious leaders, Generals, Monarchs, Merchants, Corporates, Representative Politicians, depending on the time and place. But, what all these varieties of parts have had in common is their insatiable will-to-power and their audacity to do whatever it takes to attain it. We can safely say that humans have always been ruled by those who have had the most desire to rule and who had luck and talent too.

We can also safely say that those parts exist today too. Fundamentally, in the form of rising corporations and in the form of sputtering state-politicians do we have the power hungries today. The former with the likes of Musk, Bezos, Gates, Branson, Zuckerberg, Googlers and their fanboys/fangirls are proud enough already to think they own the show and they are justified in thinking so as they have the most advanced know-how of technologies and business at their disposal. On the other hand the latter comprises struggling political leaders of an ailing system who with their uncanny rhetorics and decaying power-model are likely to go to any extent to keep the throne relevant and themselves in the process because they lack the know-how’s of the real deal.

The former openly controls the exponential technologies mentioned above while the latter will surely devise ingenious methods to control the controllers of the technologies. This narrative is not new as demonstrated by one Buckminster Fuller with the Edison-Morgan narrative, this eternal narrative is also the reason Orwell-Huxley are so influential. But, a slight difference this time around is that the non-power hungry majority are equally capable of huge influence.

As mentioned above, this power of majority isn’t due to some abstract concept of republic/democracy that drove the previous generations — the concepts and their application being that which has proved to be the biggest ‘what were we thinking’ in history of humans.

Once again, due to the internet and the massive interconnection we have going around today, we can be hopeful that the collective mass with no gargantuan power ambitions can make decisions for themselves. What this tool called the Internet allows us to do, if willing, is take in enough knowledge independently and use it to generate ideas helpful for problem solving and decision making and share them ruthlessly to such an extent that the sheer force of quantity will help decisions bend to overall advantage. Climate groups have started to do this.

What we have in one of our hands today is — extremely ambitious corporations with their leaders who know what to play with and how to present themselves as supermen who are here to save the universe, all to increase their power base. They have got their greedy gullible fans by the scruff of the neck whom they will use to shape thoughts and perceptions.

On the other hand, we have desperate political entities who are willing to go to any extent to keep this rusted and failed system called State in operation as it is the only way their limited abilities will take them to power, and they too with their rhetorical skills know where to touch to trigger the patriotic sensationalism.

But as a whole, both of those are unhealthy for a normal person as they together will be disseminating more and more propaganda, lies and manipulations to have their ends meet. The game once again is about the part of humanity ruling the rest.

As Musk and his co. dream of kingship seen never before and Politicians plan to cash in on their rise, we, who don’t quite care of being Kings have to conjoin smartly and efficiently if we wish to not be a modern techno-slave.

All of the exponential technologies are already under the control of the corporates and the corporates are already at war with each other and the rusted diplomats. Everytime there has been a power struggle in history, people have suffered. This time it will be no different IF we do not realize what has to be done and get going.

The Internet and such decentralized technologies have provided us with the option of making our decisions while the kings are controlling each and every sophisticated technology posing as heroes.

The potentiality of the technologies we have is huge. One can just wonder in awe regarding what they will allow us to do and where they will allow us to go. But, one may also equally wonder and regret tomorrow in regards to whom we have allowed these technologies to go to.

If the large mass can come together, this could mean this pivot will lead to a place decided by normal human beings, if not, prognostications, residual images of Orwell-Huxley will become real.

Climate Change and Nepal
What is the situation?

For the period of 1999-2018, Nepal was among the top 10 most vulnerable nations from Climate Change according to the Climate Risk Index (CRI).  

2019 saw Nepal’s CRI score rise more although the rank dropped:

CRI Rank  Country  CRI score Fatalities in 2019 (Rank)  Fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants (Rank)  Losses in million US$ (PPP) (Rank)  Losses per unit GDP in % (Rank
12 Nepal 20.00 10 7 42 27

The CRI score

…identifies the extent to which countries have been affected by extreme weather events. These can be meteorological events such as tropical storms or tornados, hydrological events such as storm surges or flash floods, or climatological events such as wildfires or droughts..


Today, climate change is having a serious impact on the Earth. The actions we take today will determine our fate as a species on this planet.

Although climate change on Earth is a natural phenomenon, human induced Carbon emissions have been responsible for heating of the Earth’s atmosphere to a critical point. The scientific community world-wide seems to have now agreed upon this fact. 

It was the Swedish Scientist Svante Arrhenius who gave the first warning on Climate and its impact in 1896. He talked about Greenhouse Gases creating problems for the atmosphere and Carbon Dioxide warming the surface temperature of Earth.

Earlier, in the 1820s Joseph Fourier had developed a theory that said –

the amount of energy entering Earth through Sun’s radiation should be equal to the amount of energy exiting the Earth.

John Tyndall in the 1860s had demonstrated that coal gases (containing CO2, methane and volatile hydrocarbons) absorb energy. He showed how CO2 absorbs multiple wavelengths of sunlight like a sponge.

After this, research on the relationship between Greenhouse Gases and Climate increased and also did the process of measuring Earth’s surface temperature. Mechanisms to monitor climate change through human activities began developing. 

British engineer Guy Stewart Callendar noted that the United States and North Atlantic region had warmed significantly on the heels of the Industrial Revolution.

Callendar’s calculations suggested that a doubling of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere could warm Earth by 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F). He would continue to argue into the 1960s that a greenhouse-effect warming of the planet was underway.

It was the American scientist Charles Keeling who developed a mechanism to measure the atmospheric concentration of CO2. It became known as the Keeling Curve. It is a graph that shows the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere.  

In 1963, the first conference on Climate Change was held and the subsequent developments showed that:

  • Humans have added a great amount of  CO2 to the Earth’s atmosphere. Along with it, other  Greenhouse gases have also been added: 
    • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
    • Methane (CH4)
    • Nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • Industrial gases:
      • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
      • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
      • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
      • Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
    •  Water vapor (H2O)
    • Ozone (O3)
    • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

It was then noticed that these gases were heating the Earth. These gases were stopping the Solar radiations that were supposed to reflect back into Space.  It was named the greenhouse effect and was confirmed that the absorbed heat was what was increasing the temperature.

Here are a few facts:

  • The increasing temperature impacts all activities on Earth that are dependent on Heat. And that is everything!
  • Humans have been adding around 3o billion metric tons of CO2 annually.
  • In the last 150 odd years, the Temperature of the Earth has been increasing by 0.6 degree celsius. But it is estimated to increase  by 0.4-2.6 between 2046-2065 and by 0.3-4.8 between 2081-2100
  • There is a concept called Tipping point which is a point beyond which Earth’s system will get damaged beyond repair. It is 2 degrees.
  • If nothing is done, the temperature is expected to increase by 5 degree by 2100
  • Evidences of Climate Change:
    • Measured Surface Temperature
    • Melting Ice
    • Inconsistent season patterns
    • Appearance of Plants and Animals in environments previously not favorable to them
  • The Impacts of Climate Change:
    • Sea Level Rise and its impact
    • Flood, Landslides and their impact
    • Biodiversity loss and its impact
    • Glacial melts and its impact
  • In 2000, 1,50,000 people lost their lives due to the impact of Climate Change
  • In 2009, this number raised to 3,00,000
  • The people residing near coastal areas and mountainous regions are the most vulnerable.  

Although adequate warning has been given and nations have started to take precautionary actions, poorer countries such as Nepal have a long way to go. The 2020 CRI index showed Nepal to be the 12th most vulnerable nation from Climate Change. Due to the presence of Himalayas and dependency on Summer Monsoon; Nepal, which is an agriculture dependent nation can have catastrophic consequences if proper actions are not taken immediately. 

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood and other natural disasters such as Flood, Landslide, Soil-Erosion have already increased by a considerable margin. The problem though is that enough research has not been done and that which has been done has not been contextualized and distributed among the public and the responsible agencies.  


Internationally there have been ‘landmark’ initiatives in regards to Climate Change.

In 1989 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established under the United Nations whose task was to provide scientific basis of Climate Change and impact Political, Economic decisions.

In 1992 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established an international environmental treaty to combat “dangerous human interference with the climate system“, in part by stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere

The Kyoto Protocol was initiated in 1997 with an agreement to decrease the release of Greenhouse gases. 

The Paris Climate Agreement 2015 saw 197 nations reach an agreement to monitor and report their Greenhouse Gases emissions. 


There are majorly two ways to begin solving the Climate Crisis:

  1. Monitor the Change
  2. Understand the Cause-Effect

Stewart Brand of The Whole Earth Catalog talks about three types of strategies:

  • Mitigation – Decrease the greenhouse gases. Avoiding the unmanagable. 
  • Adaptation – Migration, Sustainable Agriculture. Manage the unavoidable. 
  • Amelioration – Adjusting the nature of planet through large scale Geo-Engineering solutions.

Nepal has been actively participating in International Initiatives:

In 1994 Nepal became the supporting partner in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It also adhered to the NAPA plan which is a

…type of plan submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Least Developed Countries, to describe the country’s perception of its most “urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change

Nepal has also initiated Clean Development Mechanism. It has also agreed towards promoting Alternative Energy carbon neutralization. In 2011, the Local Adaptation Plans of Action – LAPA) was prepared. Nepal is also a part of the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and Sendai Framework.


Nepal’s Issue and Crisis

Precipitation, Increasing Water stress.  Droughts, storms, floods, inundation, landslides, debris flow, soil erosion and avalanches- are the apparent issues Nepal has to deal with. 

Climate Migration resulting from the above will occur and the lack of capable/credible power-structure will only bring more crises thereon.  

Nepal’s major crisis will stem from the Glacial Lake Outburst Flood. It occurs when water dammed by a glacier is flooded which results in flash floods of water and other debris destroying the infrastructures of lower regions. This impacts agriculture, settlements, industries and tourism.   

Prakash Mani Sharma writes in Climate Change and its Impact in Nepal:

In Nepal’s Himalaya, total estimated ice reserves between 1977 and 2010 decreased by 29% (129 km3). The number of glacier lakes increased by 11% and glaciers receded on an average by 38 km2 per year during the same period. The substantial impacts on snows and glaciers that are likely to increase the possibilities of Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).

The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, issued a report in 2007 that claimed Himalayan glaciers could completely melt away by 2035. • The other scientists believe that by the time global temperatures increase by just 2 degrees Celsius, more than half of the Himalayan glaciers will have vanished  

even under the present climate at least 44 glacial lakes have been identified with serious potential of GLOFs.

Of these, 20 glacial lakes are identified as potentially dangerous for GLOF events. Among the potentially dangerous lakes, only few mitigation measures are taken.

Several GLOF events have occurred over the past few decades incurring extensive damage to roads, bridges, trekking trials, villages as well as incurring loss of human life and other property and infrastructure. At least 12 GLOF events have been reported to date. These have caused extensive damage and with continued regional warming GLOFs are likely become more common.

Monsoon is another area that will get disturbed due to Climate Change. Since Nepal is heavily dependent on the Summer Monsoon, there is a huge risk for agriculture and other industries.

There is an even bigger risk for areas directly heavily dependent on Summer Monsoon.   

Snow, glacier melt precipitation will also bring risk to agriculture and industries. Furthermore, it will increase the chances of floods, landslides and soil erosion.  With this too, there is a huge risk for areas heavily dependent on Summer Monsoon.   


Here are some facts related to Nepal and Climate Change:

  • Out of the 75 districts, 29 districts are highly vulnerable to landslides, 22 districts to drought, 12 districts to GLOFs, and 9 districts to flooding.
  • 95% Greenhouse gases generated from Nepal are from agriculture and forests. 77 % of this is from forests. 
  • By 2030 the surface temperature can reach up to 2 degree Celsius. 
  • By 2060 the surface temperature can reach up to 3.8 degree Celsius. 
  • By 2090 the surface temperature can reach up to 5.8 degree Celsius. 
  • 70 % of the people in Nepal are dependent on agriculture. 
  • There are 6000 rivers in Nepal with an annual mean runoff – 224 billion cubic meter
  • Per capita water availability – 9000 cubic meters 
  • ~96% water is used in agriculture but only 24 % is used in agriculture
  • Nepal is dependent on Monsoon. Now there is a risk of greater rainfall. 
  • Monsoon will get even more unpredictable
  • All this can result in food crisis
  • Weakened Agriculture sector will be impacted more by Climate Change. There is a risk of Food Insecurity and Food deficiency 
  • There hasn’t been much research on Climate Change in Nepal. Because:
    • GCM model is difficult to implement
    • Lack of Climate Change Records
    • Natural Variations in Water Resources
    • Poor resource Management
  • Impacts which can help understand Climate Change scenario in Nepal:
    • Glacier Melt
    • Changes in Precipitation Pattern
    • Increasing Water Stress

Towards Solution

We earlier mentioned Stewart Brand and his three strategies. In Nepal’s case, Amelioration seems implausible which leaves us with Mitigation and Adaptation. 

  • Mitigation – Avoiding the unmanagable. 
  • Adaptation – Managing the unavoidable. 

The challenges of Nepal can be summarized as follows:

  • Too much dependency on Agriculture makes Nepal very vulnerable.
  • The same dependency results in difficulty in implementing strong policies. 
  • Poor Governance.
  • Poor Infrastructure.
  • Geographical constraints.
  • Lack of dependable financial sector.
  • Lack of Research

With this, there are basically two approaches towards solving the climate crisis in Nepal:

  1. From the National Level
  2. From the Local to Individual Level

From the National level, the best that has been done so far is the theoretical राष्ट्रिय जलवायू परिवर्तन निति

It’s goal is to contribute to the socio-economic prosperity of Nepal by developing a sustainable system. It aims to assist people, families, groups and communities, vulnerable from Climate Change. Not only that but it also wants to develop a sustainable system, promote green-economy and mobilize grants from various sources towards reducing climate change catastrophe.  

The policy has identified the following areas:

  • Agriculture and Food Security
  • Forest, Biodiversity and Watershed preservation
  • Water Resource and Energy
  • Rural and Urban Settlements
  • Industry, Transportation and Physical Infrastructure
  • Tourism and Natural/Cultural Heritages
  • Public Awareness and Capacity Building
  • Research and Technical development
  • Climate Change Finance Management

But since these policies are paperworks that will merely feed their makers and the makers’ masters, these are the minimum actions that have to taken from National Level to avoid catastrophe in Nepal:

  • Focus on Water Management: Sustainable agricultural techniques have to be developed that are less water intensive and refocused efforts have to be put on the rehabilitation of water infrastructure. 
  • Focus on Infrastructure development and crisis mitigation: Roads, Electricity and such infrastructures are going to suffer. Appropriate preparations have to start NOW.
  • Support Local and Independent Actors: If you can’t and don’t want to do it yourself, at least don’t make it difficult for others. 

From the local to individual level:

Awareness programs have to be greatly initiated. Usage of less water, diverse agriculture, micro irrigation, small scale storage, etc. have to be taught and adapted. Public actors have to be active for this.